The EPS board (commonly known as benzene board) has been used for exterior wall insulation in China for 20 years. Especially in the past 10 years, more than 80% of buildings in the cold and cold areas have been made of benzene board. With the gradual upgrading of building energy efficiency standards, the thickness of EPS boards is also getting thicker and thicker. Due to the inherent defects of EPS board production process, material properties, appearance shape, product quality, fireproof structure and construction method, the external thermal insulation layer of the external wall is hollow, cracked, shedding, fire and the surface of the indoor wall is wet and transparent. The quality defects of energy-saving construction projects such as cold and condensation are not uncommon, which seriously reduces the durability and use functions of energy-efficient buildings. As a large energy-conserving province in Heilongjiang Province, it is urgent to develop new energy-saving building systems and upgraded insulation materials to prevent the occurrence of quality defects, so that the outer insulation layer and the structural wall have the same life.
The traditional EPS board is produced by first forming a large piece of 000mm with a large piece of molding equipment, and then cutting it into a large board with a resistance wire, and then cutting the large board into a engineering board according to the required specifications. As early as the early 1970s, European and American countries had abandoned the production method of EPS board with large-plate machine forming and resistance wire repeatedly cutting, and upgraded it to a one-step molding production with computer automatic wire mold. In 2004, Harbin Hongsheng Group established a research and development center to fully research and develop building energy-saving systems and related series of energy-saving products. The R&D center will cooperate with the research institutes and related experts inside and outside the province to build advanced foreign technology and building modules in China.
EPS module exterior insulation system includes EPS module thin (thick) plaster exterior insulation system (referred to as paste system) and EPS module cast-in-place concrete exterior insulation system (referred to as cast-in-place system or ICF exterior insulation system) .
In September 2009, the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development jointly issued the Provisional Regulations on Fire Protection of Civil Building Exterior Insulation Systems and Exterior Wall Decorations (Jongtongzi No. 46), making the combustion performance of external thermal insulation materials and the fire performance of the system. A clear regulation: the combustion performance of civil building exterior insulation materials should be A grade, and should not be lower than B2 grade.
This paper introduces the definition and characteristics of the EPS module, the technical performance of the EPS module, the fire protection structure of the EPS module external thermal insulation system, and the technological innovation of the EPS module external thermal insulation system to the industry peers, and combined with the external thermal insulation system for civil buildings. And the provisional regulations on fire protection of exterior walls and the understanding of Document No. 16 of the Ministry of Public Security, and talk about the suggestions on how to develop the external thermal insulation system of the civil building.
Definition and characteristics of EPS module 1.1 The definition of EPS module is heated and foamed by expandable polystyrene beads. According to the requirements of energy saving standards, building structure, structural system and construction technology, it is heated and formed by special equipment and mold. A styrofoam sheet or member having a closed cell structure, different types, different specifications, different appearance shapes, and an outer surface marked with a corporate logo.
1.2 Features of the EPS module The technical performance is stable and the geometric dimensions are accurate.
Technical performance of EPS module (1) Technical performance comparison between 20kg/m3 EPS module and 20kg/m3 EPS board (see Table 1).
Comparison (see Table 2).
The italics in the table are marked as apparent density 1921kg/m3 and 2293kg/m3 120kg/m3 EPS module and 20kg/m3 EPS board technical performance comparison project EPS module local standard technical index EPS board industry standard technical index apparent density / ( Kg/m3) compressive strength / kPa thermal conductivity / 矣 dimensional stability /% 矣 03 water vapor transmission coefficient / 矣 4 water absorption rate (volume fraction) /% 矣 2 矣 4 fracture bending load / N 25 fusion bending deformation /mm multi 20 oxygen index /% combustion combustion classification B2 grade 30; 1B grade 32 30 flammable type B2; flame retardant Bs grade b2 grade perpendicular to the board surface tensile strength / MPa thermal conductivity correction coefficient a Table 2 Technical performance comparison between EPS module of 30kg/m3 and EPS board of 30kg/m3 Project EPS module Local standard technical index EPS board Industry standard Technical index Apparent density / (kg / m3) Compressive strength / kPa thermal conductivity / dimensional stability /%矣03 Water vapor transmission coefficient / 矣4 water absorption rate (volume fraction) /% 矣 2 矣 4 fracture bending load / N 25 fusion bending deformation / mm more 20 oxygen index /% flammability combustion classification B2 level 30; B1 grade 32 B2 grade 30 combustible B2 grade; flame retardant ugly grade 1 b2 grade perpendicular to the board surface tensile strength / MPa EPS module thermal conductivity correction coefficient a = 1.0, EPS plate thermal conductivity correction coefficient a = 1.2 or a = 1.5. It can be seen that the technical performance of the EPS module produced by computer automatic wire mold module is far superior to the large plate machine forming, resistance wire Technical performance of the repeatedly cut EPS board.
If the combustion performance of the module is B1, its technical indicators shall comply with the requirements of Table 3, in addition to the requirements of Table 1 or Table 2.
Fireproof construction method and application scope of EPS module external wall thermal insulation system 3.1 EPS module external wall thermal insulation system construction requires a certain thickness of protective layer on the outer surface of the module. The protective layer consists of a plastering layer and a finishing layer, and all grade A non-combustible materials shall be used. The plastering layer shall not be provided with a crack-resistant separation joint; P) When the pasting system is selected, the base wall and the module shall be fully viscous, ie no Cavity table 3 module combustion performance level test method determination condition B1 (flammable type) combustion remaining length: average value 150m m, no phenomenon of burning dripping material igniting filter paper is allowed; single value > 0mm, average smoke Temperature 矣200°C Oxygen index 32% Smoke density grade SDR矣75 B2 (combustible type) m, 30% of the oxygen index of the burning drip filter is not allowed (the paste area is not less than 95 of the base wall area) %), the connection between the anchor bolt and the base wall can be cancelled; when the thermal insulation decorative integrated module is used for the pasting system, the thickness of the outer facing layer should not be less than the thickness of the outer wall thermal insulation system for the thickness of the plastering layer; When the system is externally attached, the thickness of the inner surface finish layer shall be the same as the outer surface; if a thin plastering surface layer is used on the outside of the module, the isolation belt shall be provided according to the fire prevention regulations of civil buildings, even if a fireproof isolation belt is provided, the plastering surface is thin. The thickness of the layer should also meet the fire resistance time limit. Requirements; welding grid; when it is difficult to set fire isolation (large impact on the insulation and durability of the system), the fire barrier can be eliminated, but should meet the requirements of Table 4 (can be regarded as equivalent A grade) ; module paste system and module cast-in-place system exterior door window insulation fire protection structure reference, implementation.
3.2 EPS module external wall fire protection system construction requirements EPS module external wall thermal insulation system material burning performance grade, construction practice, when the thickness of the surface layer > 20mm, the metal hot-dip galvanizing electric applicable height should be added in accordance with the provisions of Table 4 .
1. Base wall; 2. Module; 3. Glass fiber mesh; 4. Surface layer; 5. Inorganic insulation material; 6. Alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh cloth edge; 7. Sealing paste; 8. Polyurethane sealing; 9. Door and window paste system door window insulation fireproof node construction table 4EPS module exterior wall insulation system fireproof structure regulation external insulation system type insulation material combustion performance level fireproof structure applicable building height H/m fire barrier module surface finish layer thickness / Mm cavity form non-curtain wall building curtain wall building / mm residential other civil building 10 applicable, thickness of the smear layer > 20mm 15 cast-in-place system is not lower than ugly 2 level is not set 20 no applicable (wiping layer thickness > 20) 25 30 10 applies, thickness of smear layer >20mm 15 paste system is not lower than ugly 2 level is not set no application (coating layer thickness >20) 20 25 10 applies 15 applies cast-in-place system not lower than the grade does not set 20 no Applicable (thickness layer thickness >20) 25 30 10Applicable 15 Applicable paste system is not lower than the grade No setting No (coating layer thickness >20) 20 25 1.Concrete wall; 2. Connection bridge; 3. Module ; 4. Inorganic insulation materials; 5. Plastic doors and windows cast-in-place system door window insulation fire-proof node structure 3.3 suitable According to the different areas of the building and the practicality of the insulation materials, under the premise of meeting the fire-resistance requirements of the building fire prevention for energy-saving buildings, the local conditions should be taken according to local conditions, and the fire simulation test and the fire cases that have occurred should be made. Professionally designed fire protection standards for exterior insulation systems to regulate the construction of energy-efficient buildings. Therefore, the main way to solve the fire safety of the external thermal insulation of our civil construction projects should be to take the form of system structural fire prevention, which is very suitable for China's national conditions. That is to say, we should not unilaterally require that the fireproof performance of the insulation material must reach Class A. The external insulation material, the protective surface layer and the fireproof structure should be evaluated as a whole system.
The attack on the external thermal insulation system of the flame comes from three ways: 1 the radiation from the external fire source to the system; 2 the air convection caused by the cavity between the base wall and the insulation after the insulation is ignited It promotes the spread of fire; 3 indoor flame overflows from the door window to ignite the flame conduction of the outer insulation layer. As long as we block the action of these three flames, we can effectively prevent the flammable insulation material from being ignited. In view of this theory and simulation experiment, according to the difference of the external wall structure, the height of the house and the nature of the use of the house, the thickness of the plastering layer is specified; the cavity is removed; the thermal insulation structure of the door window is added; Structural fire protection requirements for insulation systems. Therefore, Table 4 and in the external thermal insulation system fire protection structure regulations specify the thickness of the plastering layer, the cavity state and the structure of the door window insulation fire joint.
In summary, in the framework of meeting the fire-resistance time limit and fire safety, it is feasible to use the system structure fire prevention measures and use the flammable materials or non-combustible materials that meet the standard as the outer wall insulation layer.
The technological innovation of the EPS module external wall insulation system 4.1 The technological innovation of the pasting system has abandoned the backward production process of large-plate production and resistance wire cutting EPS board. The EPS module is exclusively used in the domestic computer automatic production line mold production, and a high-temperature vacuum forming and shrinkage deformation in the cavity, the product quality is stable, the geometric size is accurate (0.2mm).
It compensates for the defects of EPS board and base wall sticking and insufficient tensile strength of cement mortar outer surface layer. The dovetail groove evenly distributed on the inner and outer surfaces of the EPS module improves the tensile strength of the decorative layer with the base wall and the tile. The local standard DB23/ 1206―2008 building energy-saving project construction quality acceptance criteria clearly stipulates that the outside of the module is allowed to paste the facing bricks, and the other side of the insulation layer of similar materials is strictly prohibited to paste the tiles.
It replaces the traditional energy-saving building wall corner straight straight horse-toothed paste combination, realizes the whole corner paste combination, and at the corner, the outer surface is flat and replaces the straight flat butt joint combination, realizing the trapezoidal insertion mouth. Combined with the combination of the outer slope and the joint, the module and the module are mutually constrained after being plugged and combined, completely blocking the intrusion of rainwater, so that the outer layer is smoothed by the outer layer, due to the perfect shape structure and combined node of the EPS module. The stable product quality, accurate geometric size and upgraded technical indicators make the thickness of the EPS module thinner than the thickness of the ordinary EPS board by 35%. Not only does the construction cost increase, but it increases the use area of ​​the house. The durability period is greatly improved, so that the outer insulation layer of the module and the structural wall have the same life.
The upgraded technical indicators of the EPS module and the optimized construction node structure are included in the relevant building energy conservation local standards and architectural structure atlas, providing a reliable scientific basis and technical support for energy-efficient building design, construction and engineering quality acceptance in severe cold regions. . This greatly stimulated the upgrading of the national industry standard G144-2004 leap in technology upgrades EPS board thin plaster exterior insulation system and traditional EPS board, relevant new standards are as follows: DB23 / 1206-2008 Heilongjiang Provincial Construction acceptance criteria for quality energy-saving construction; implementation details DB23 / 1269-2008 public building energy efficiency design standards in Heilongjiang Province; DB23 / 1270-2008 Heilongjiang Province residential building energy efficiency design standards 65%; DB07-001-2008 existing residential building energy-saving technology Specification DB23/1350-2009 EPS module technical specification for thin plastering exterior insulation system; Long 09942EPS module thin plastering exterior wall exterior insulation building structure atlas; DB22/T482-2010 EPS module exterior wall thermal insulation engineering technical specification; DB64/665 -2010EPS outer wall thermal insulation application module specification.
4.2 The technological innovation of the cast-in-place system eliminates the backward production process, standardization, factory and large-scale production modules. EPS module is the exclusive production line using automatic computer production molds, and forming a high temperature and vacuum in the mold cavity is completed shrinkage, stable product quality, accurate geometry (0.2mm), completely eliminated the backward production technology and equipment.
The EPS module demoulding technology fills the domestic gap and reaches the international leading level.
The surface has a dovetail groove and a large amount of EPS module with a through hole on the plate body. The product deformation during demolding is an internationally recognized restricted area. The module release technology with independent intellectual property rights has successfully broken through this restricted area. This technology fills the domestic gap and reaches the international leading level.
The apparent density is increased from 20kg/m3 to 30kg/m3, and the technical performance is greatly upgraded. Although the production cost of the 30kg/m3 EPS module is higher than that of the 20kg/m3 EPS board, the thermal performance and mechanical properties of the module have been greatly upgraded. Under the same energy-saving standards, the following advantages are obtained: the thickness of the module is relatively thin. 35%, the use area of ​​the house is relatively increased; the durability of the outer insulation layer is maximized, and the structure is the same as the life; the construction and transportation loss are reduced.
The standard has filled the domestic gap. The HS-ICF exterior insulation construction energy-saving system and EPS module have good technical performance and optimized construction node structure have been incorporated into the relevant local standards and architectural construction atlas, providing reliable technical support for energy-efficient building design, construction and acceptance. . This move greatly spurred the leap-forward technical upgrade of the EPS board cast-in-place concrete exterior insulation system and the upgrading of the EPS board in the national industry standard G144-2004. The relevant new standards are as follows: DB23/1206-2008 Heilongjiang Province Building Energy Efficiency Engineering construction quality acceptance criteria; DB23/1269-2008 public building energy-saving design standards Heilongjiang Province implementation rules; DB23/1270-2008 Heilongjiang Province residential building energy efficiency 65% ​​design standards; DB23/11672009HS-ICF exterior insulation engineering energy-saving system technical regulations ; Long exterior insulation and energy saving system building structure atlas; DB22/T4832010ICF external wall thermal insulation engineering technical regulations; DB64/6642010EPS module cast-in-place reinforced concrete external wall external thermal insulation application technical regulations.
The unique plug-in interface ensures the accuracy of the EPS module installation and assembly. The periphery of the EPS module has rectangular insertion tongues and precise geometrical dimensions. Therefore, the modules are mutually constrained, the surface is flat, the joints are tight, the installation is convenient, and the work efficiency is improved by 30%. The EPS board cast-in-place concrete exterior wall is eliminated. The combination of the external insulation system through the seam.
The EPS modules are 100% sealed with each other, and the high compression strength and the evenly distributed inner and outer surfaces of the dovetail groove and the mechanical structure of the roof structure layer or the cement mortar leveling layer completely form a non-heavy whole, completely eliminating the roof insulation. Under the layer of gas barrier, the building structure has been incorporated into Dragon 09940. The unique cavity structure combination connection method ensures the accurate sectional dimensions of the composite wall. The construction process of the EPS board cast-in-place concrete external wall thermal insulation system with metal rods as the wall section support was cancelled, and the connection mode of the special connecting bridge and the original combination of the EPS module and the combined steel formwork (large formwork) was realized. The cross-section dimensions of the cast-in-situ concrete composite wall are accurate, and the quality defects of the concrete cavity when the concrete shear wall is poured due to the EPS board collapse are eliminated.
A construction method for the outer side free-cut formwork of the cast-in-place concrete shear wall using the EPS module was created. Before the concrete shear wall is poured, the EPS module is the outer side free formwork. After the concrete is formed, it is the outer wall outer insulation layer. The side template was removed, replacing the composite wall structure of the exterior insulation system pasting the insulation board. This not only speeds up the construction schedule, reduce engineering costs, and ensure the safety and reliability engineering and quality exterior insulation layer, has the following advantages: eliminate the generation of quality defects; architectural templates and exterior insulation combined two for First, the perfect combination of external thermal insulation and load-bearing structure is realized; the thermal insulation layer and the structure have the same life.
The unique node construction ensures that the energy-efficient building as a whole meets design standards.
In the severe cold area, special parts such as the corner of the outer wall, the surrounding of the door window, the cornice and the wall of the insulated balcony are high-incidence areas that are prone to cold bridges. The phenomenon of long hair, dampness and coldness of the wall is commonplace. Due to the unique node structure, the cold bridge is completely blocked, the overall sealing of the outer insulation layer of the house is realized, the quality defects caused by the cold bridge are eliminated, the comfort of the house is improved, and the design standard of the energy-saving building is ensured. .
Because the outer balcony has been 100% sealed, the partition door of the square hall and the balcony has been cancelled. This solution not only solves the defects that are difficult to use in the winter terrace in the cold region, but also increases the applicability and use area of ​​the house, and reduces the building construction. cost.
The unique modular surface dovetail design allows the exterior wall to be pasted with facing tiles. Due to the organic bite formed by the dovetail groove evenly distributed on the surface of the module and the concrete and the surface glue, the tensile strength of the module and the base wall and the tile decorative layer is improved. The local standard Heilongjiang Province construction energy-saving project construction quality acceptance criteria Article 5.1.11 clearly stipulates: the outside of the HS-EPS module is allowed to paste the facing bricks, and the other side of the insulation layer of the same material is strictly prohibited to paste the tiles. The standard will be implemented from March 1, 2008.
According to the requirements of GB50411, the composite wall core specimens drilled from the construction site can clearly see that the dovetail groove on the inner surface of the EPS module is firmly bonded to the concrete. The concrete pouring and vibrating do not have any dovetail grooves on the inner surface of the module. The slightest damage was caused and the interface agent was also eliminated.
Improve the durability of the building, so that the insulation layer and the structural wall have the same life.
Due to the substantial improvement of the technical performance index of the EPS module and the organic occlusion formed by the concrete bridge wrapped by the connecting bridge, the connecting bridge and the module, the evenly distributed inner and outer surfaces of the module and the concrete, this unique composite wall combination The method effectively improves the durability of energy-saving buildings, and achieves the same life span of the insulation layer and the energy-saving wall, breaking the regulations of the EPS board in the energy-saving building code that is only durable for 25 years. After testing and testing the weather resistance of the composite wall of the bonded brick, its technical indicators fully meet the national standards.
The wire mesh position and the embedded strength are effectively guaranteed. The unique connecting bridge end insert can effectively ensure the embedded strength of the steel mesh and the thickness of the outer protective layer. If the quality of the bonded brick on the outside of the module exceeds 20kg/m2 and the single-block area exceeds 10000mm2, the prefabricated steel wire can be used. The mesh is fastened to the connector bridge of the module with self-tapping screws. The module completely solves the hidden danger of falling off due to the overweight of the veneer layer by the organic bite of the dovetail groove and the plastering glue evenly distributed on the outer side and the pulling of the steel wire mesh and the plastering glue.
5 Conclusion There is no denying that due to the malicious competition in the building materials market, the technical indicators of the products are far from the standard requirements, the sales price of the products is not enough to buy raw materials, that is to say, the price of bread is lower than the price of flour; Inferior products are on the top of the wall. If our regulatory authorities turn a blind eye to these phenomena and let the regulatory authorities of other industries publicly blame and completely deny some of our inaction, our external wall insulation will enter a dead end, and our completed construction projects will not be able to face. Later generations.
The civil building exterior insulation system shall have the following properties: engineering practicability, thermal insulation, durability, fire safety, test report and consistency of the products used.
How can we ensure the stability of these performances? How should the regulatory authorities manage? We believe that the following practices can be adopted: elimination of backward production processes and equipment, efforts to eliminate backward production capacity, adoption of new technologies and new processes, and production of technical indicators that are stable and convenient. Insulation materials with guaranteed construction and engineering quality.
Greatly upgrade the technical indicators of the products, speed up the revision of technical regulations and standards, incorporate the upgraded and updated products and technical indicators into technical regulations and standards, and increase the intensity of application and promotion, so that the external thermal insulation system and structure have the same life. .
Strictly implement the fire protection standard for the external thermal insulation system. If the external thermal insulation system of the construction in progress is not implemented according to the standards, the work shall be ordered to stop, and all the completed items shall be dismantled and publicly exposed.
Incorporate the production of raw materials into the scope of supervision, and implement dynamic management of the production and use of thermal insulation materials. The entire process should be archived from the selection of products, construction management, and completion acceptance. The identification of the production enterprise must be marked on the product (the product identification system is implemented). . Dynamic management of product manufacturing enterprises and construction sites, enterprises that produce substandard products should be immediately revoked business licenses, severely penalized and publicly exposed; enterprises that knowingly that products do not meet the standards and are deliberately used for economic benefits Once discovered, it should also be severely punished and publicly exposed, and the company will be disqualified from undertaking new construction projects within 3 years. Lin Guohai (1955), male, Shandong Qixia, researcher-level senior engineer, industrial and civil architecture, engaged in research and development of new building energy-saving materials and housing energy-saving systems (hong-shengwtyahoo.com.cn).
(Finish)
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