Basic knowledge of emergency rescue

1. Family fire accident

When the fire starts, it should be extinguished in a timely manner, and at the same time call for help and call the police; if the fire is too large, it should be decisively evacuated; if it is trapped in the fire, it should calmly save itself and actively seek help.

(1) Fire prevention: Pay attention to prevent combustible materials such as cigarettes and mosquito coils; do not randomly connect and pull the wires, check the lines regularly, and turn off the main power switch and gas inlet valve when there is no one in the house for a long time; do not burn the discarded objects and garbage at home There may be flammable and explosive products hidden in it; no accumulation, some items such as wet straw, wheat straw, cotton, etc. accumulated for too long, may spontaneously ignite under certain conditions, causing a fire; balcony, aisle, stairs, etc. are escape routes Or refuge places, do not stack debris; families should prepare fire fighting "five treasures": household fire extinguishers, fire blankets, smoke masks, emergency escape ropes and flashlights, and learn to use the correct method.

(2) Fire extinguishment in a timely manner: cotton items are extinguished with water, “oil fire” is not used, “electric fire” is turned off first, “alcohol” cup and saucer cover, “gas” is wetly pressed, and “room fire” opens the window carefully. timely.

(3) Correct self-rescue: wet towel, cover mouth and nose; wrap in wet clothes, stick to the ground; fire upper body, roll quickly; do not love money, escape quickly; fire seal door, wet blocked; no access, go to the balcony; send a signal , Rescued.

2. Electricity accident

(1) "Eight Precepts" and "Seven Prohibitions" for the prevention of electricity accidents. "Eight Precepts": abstain from personal connections, abstain from counterfeiting, use of "insurance", absent of "protection", abstain from wet hand electricity, abstain from electric stoves, close to electricity from dangerous objects, or abstain from overloaded electricity.

"Seven Prohibitions": Prohibition of "high voltage" in thunderstorms, prohibition of climbing of power facilities, prohibition of private installations in power grids, prohibition of fishing and hunting near power lines, prohibition of drying of poles and wires, close of high voltage lines, and prohibition of power supply facilities.

(2) Rescue points: Anomalies were found and the power was disconnected; electrical appliances caught fire and the "dry powder" went out; the TV caught fire and the wet cover was covered; the police called for help and assistance came; the fire went out of control and left quickly.

(3) First aid on site: electric shock can cause tissue burns, ventricular arrest, central nervous system damage, respiratory paralysis, etc. After electric shock, the longer the current passes through the human body, the more serious the consequences. First aid points: power off, fast insulation, wide belt, clear mouth, fast "recovery", wrap wounds, and seek medical treatment quickly.

3. Burn (burn) injury

Less than 9% of the injured area is mild burn (scald) injury, and more than 10% is moderate to severe burn (scald) injury (children more than 5%), which may endanger the life of the injured in severe cases.

First aid points:

(1) Get rid of the heat and immediately take off the burning and hot clothes. When it can't be taken off, it should be extinguished with cold water or covered with a cotton quilt. If the clothes stick to the skin, don't force them off, but use scissors to cut them.

(2) Cool the wound. Burn (scald) wounds are soaked or rinsed with cold water for 30 minutes in an emergency to prevent the burned (scald) wounds from expanding and aggravating.

(3) Adsorption and washing. If you are burned by chemicals, use sterile gauze, cotton swabs or clean towels to absorb the residue. After removing the residue, rinse with running cold water for 30 minutes. Be careful not to contaminate Other parts.

(4) Apply ointment with caution. After cooling treatment, mild burns can be partially coated with burn ointment, but not soy sauce, edible oil or other ointment of unknown nature. Moderate to severe burns, do not pierce the blisters, do not apply any oils or drugs.

(5) Bandage the wound. Before treatment, the wound surface can be covered with sterile gauze and then bandaged to prevent wound infection.

(6) Seek medical treatment in time.

4. Gas accident

The use of pipeline gas, bottled liquefied gas and gas water heaters should be installed, operated and checked in accordance with safety regulations; near gas pressure regulating stations, pressure regulating boxes, gas manhole covers, etc., the use of open flames and fireworks should be prohibited to avoid gas poisoning , Fire and explosion, and other serious accidents.

(1) Gas accident prevention: close the valve and open the window, fireproof; pay attention to closing the valve, check before going to bed; boil water and soup, watch for adults; special pipeline, change in time; control height, use throat clamp.

(2) Emergency points:

(1) The smell is obvious, the air is cut off and ventilated, and the action should be gentle to avoid sparks caused by violent friction of the metal and cause an explosion.

(2) The odor is not strong. For the inspection of soap liquid, you can apply soap liquid to the joints, switches, hoses, valves, etc. of the pipeline. If there are bubbles, it indicates that the gas is leaking. Open flames such as matches and lighters are strictly prohibited.

(3) Electrical equipment is forbidden to open or close. When gas leaks, never turn on or turn off any electrical equipment to avoid sparks and explosion.

(4) Leave quickly to prevent poisoning. If the smell of indoor gas is obvious, it should be evacuated quickly to prevent suffocation and poisoning.

(5) The gas tank caught fire and was dampened. When the liquefied gas tank catches fire, quickly press the damp bedding, clothing, fire blanket, etc., and immediately close the valve.

(6) Report to the police in time to repair and repair. In case of danger, you should immediately dial the gas supply unit's emergency repair number and 119 fire alarm number to facilitate timely emergency repair and emergency repair.

(7) Mistakes to avoid risks and counter-productive disasters. Do not call for help in a gas-filled room, and do not turn on the range hood or exhaust fan to avoid sparks and fire.