Since the 2008 international financial crisis, the Chinese steel industry has been in a trough. In the first half of this year, the profit margin of Chinese steel companies was only 2.93%, which was less than the margin of foreign mining giants. Among the 39 industrial categories in the country, the profit margin of steel enterprises is the lowest. As an important basic industry and pillar industry of the national economy, the steel industry must get out of the trough as soon as possible. Improving the industrial technology level, improving the industrial concentration, improving the modernization level of enterprise management, improving the iron ore resource support capacity, and improving the opening up capability are the key points of the industrial restructuring of the steel industry. In response to these problems, Xin Ren Zhou, deputy director of the Industrial Policy Department of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, wrote an article for this newspaper and proposed the basic ideas and methods for solving the problem. It is here for readers. The iron and steel industry is an important pillar industry of the national economy. It involves a wide range of industries, high industrial relevance, and large consumption. It plays an important role in economic construction, social development, national defense construction, and stable employment. Summarize the experience and lessons of China's iron and steel industry development, comprehensively analyze the domestic and international environment facing the development of China's steel industry in the future and the demand of the national economy and social development for the steel industry, realize the transformation and development mode of China's steel industry, and improve the core competitiveness. To strengthen the development goal, during the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, China's steel industry must focus on promoting "five improvements." Improving the technical level of the industry is a key measure to improve the utilization of iron ore resources, increase the processing depth of steel products, increase the scientific and technological content of the steel industry, and transform the development mode of the steel industry. Since the beginning of the new century , China's steel industry has significantly improved its technical equipment and technological level through independent innovation and the introduction of digestion and absorption, and some key steel products have reached the international advanced level. However, the overall level of China's steel industry industry technology is still relatively low, research and development and independent innovation capabilities are not strong, some advanced production technology equipment and processes still rely mainly on introduction and imitation, some high-end steel products still need a large number of imports, especially there are some 400 The backward production capacity of cubic meters and below blast furnaces and converters and electric furnaces of 30 tons or less has resulted in the output energy consumption of China's steel industry still higher than the world's advanced level by more than 40%. To reverse this situation, we must accelerate the establishment of a technological innovation system that is enterprise-oriented, market-oriented, and combines production, education, and research, and strives to achieve new breakthroughs in key process technologies, energy-saving and emission reduction technologies, and high-end product development, production, and application technologies. . It is necessary to implement the special progress of technological advancement and technological transformation in the iron and steel industry, through the introduction of digestion and absorption and joint research on key technologies, such as hot and cold continuous rolling wide-band steel equipment, large-scale slab continuous casting machine, color coated steel plate production equipment, large-scale system Oxygen machine, large blast furnace fan, waste heat recovery device, etc., focus on promoting the autonomy of large-scale metallurgical complete sets of equipment; focus on supporting the development of high-speed railway steel, high magnetic induction oriented silicon steel, high-strength mechanical steel and other key steel products, and promote high-strength steel Use and material technology, develop high-temperature and high-pressure dry quenching, sintering waste heat utilization, flue gas desulfurization and other recycling economy and energy-saving emission reduction technology and improve the development and utilization of low-grade, difficult to select iron ore and other technologies. At the same time, we must continue to eliminate backward production capacity that wastes resources and pollutes the environment through legal means, economic means and necessary administrative means. Increasing industrial concentration The steel industry is an industry with obvious economies of scale. Whether it can achieve a certain scale of production not only determines whether the company has strong research and development capabilities, market competitiveness and good economic benefits, but also determines whether the enterprise has the ability to equip advanced energy-saving and environmental protection facilities and achieve clean production. Because of this, since the 1980s, iron and steel enterprises in developed countries have increased their production scale and increased industrial concentration by increasing investment or mergers and acquisitions. By 1997, South Korea’s Pohang Steel’s production accounted for 61% of Korea’s total steel production, Germany’s ThyssenKrupp, US’s US steel company, Russia’s Xavier and other steel companies, and crude steel production accounted for domestic production. The proportion is more than 20%. In recent years, the pace of mergers and acquisitions of China's steel companies has accelerated markedly, and industrial concentration has tended to increase. However, too many enterprises, scattered production, and low industrial concentration are still prominent problems in China's steel industry. In 2010, there were still more than 500 crude steel production enterprises in China, with an average size of less than 1 million tons. The top five enterprises accounted for about 30% of the national total, and the top ten steel enterprises in crude steel production. The output accounted for only 48.6% of the national total. We must work hard to solve this problem. It is necessary to give full play to the role of the market mechanism, improve relevant policies and measures, and promote enterprises to implement strong alliances, cross-regional mergers and acquisitions, overseas mergers and acquisitions, and investment cooperation through mergers and equity, asset acquisitions, etc., to increase industrial concentration and promote China's steel industry. Large-scale and intensive management, and cultivate a group of large-scale enterprise groups with strong international competitiveness. Improving the modernization level of enterprise management Strengthening management is the eternal theme of enterprise development and the key to improving the international competitiveness of China's economy. Since the reform and opening up, especially since the beginning of the new century, China's iron and steel enterprises have made positive progress in strengthening enterprise management and management innovation, and the level of enterprise management has been significantly improved. There have been high management levels such as Baosteel and Wuhan Iron and Steel, strong innovation ability and economic benefits. Good and close to the world's advanced steel enterprises have played an important role in promoting the healthy development of China's steel industry. However, we should be soberly aware that the overall level of China's iron and steel enterprise management is not high, and there is still a big gap compared with the iron and steel enterprises in developed countries. The main performances are: some enterprises are not well managed, the risk prevention mechanism is not perfect, and the management The quality is not high, and the application of information technology and advanced management mode is not extensive enough. This is an important reason for China's steel enterprises to have high resource consumption, low product quality and low competitiveness. Strengthening management and improving the management level of China's iron and steel enterprises should focus on solving the problem of “running and leaking†in production and management, effectively strengthening basic management and on-site management, reducing production and operation costs, saving energy and reducing consumption; focusing on improving product quality and actively adopting Six Sigma, zero defect management and other advanced applicable quality management methods, strengthen total quality management; focus on preventing and responding to domestic and international market fluctuations and risks, strengthen risk management, establish and improve risk early warning, prevention and resolution mechanisms; Production, operation, maintenance and enhancement of core competitiveness, and strengthening of strategic management. At the same time, it is necessary to widely apply information technology and improve information systems such as enterprise resource planning management (ERP), supply chain management (SCM), and customer relationship management (CRM) to improve the informationization and modernization level of enterprise management. Improving the iron ore resource support capacity The steel industry is a resource-intensive industry. Whether it can obtain sufficient resources such as iron ore and coke is related to the normal operation and sustainable development of the steel industry. China's iron ore resources are relatively insufficient and the grade is not high. With the rapid development of China's steel industry, this contradiction has become more and more prominent, and the constraints on the development of the steel industry are more obvious. In 2010, China imported 620 million tons of iron ore, and the external dependence of iron ore reached about 63%. With the gradual recovery of the global market and the strong recovery of production in major crude steel producing countries, the demand for iron ore has increased significantly, plus 75% of the international iron ore resources are being used by Brazil's Vale and Australia's Rio Tinto and BHP Billiton III. The monopoly of the big giants has caused the international iron ore market price to rise all the way, which has brought a very serious impact on China's steel industry. In 2010, China's imported iron ore prices climbed from an average of US$90/ton in January to US$145/ton at the end of the year. The average price of imported iron ore for the whole year was US$128/ton, up by US$40/ton from 2009. To this end, the cost of importing iron ore from China's steel companies increased by about 196 billion yuan, equivalent to twice the profit of China's steel industry's main industry, resulting in a 30.7% increase in production costs for key large and medium-sized steel companies, which seriously eroded steel. Corporate profits. In 2010, China's steel industry profit margin was only 2.91%, still far below the national average of 6.2% of industrial enterprises. Most steel companies are in a state of low profit or loss, and the overall profitability of the industry is not optimistic. In the first half of 2011, the average landed price of imported iron ore in China was 160.89 US dollars per ton, the highest level in history, up by 47.92 US dollars per ton over the same period last year, or 42.41%. In the first half of the year, the import of iron ore was 33.425 million tons. Due to the sharp increase in import prices, the foreign exchange expenditure was 16.017 billion US dollars, and the cost of the steel industry was 104.11 billion yuan, which caused the steel enterprises to remain in a low-efficiency situation. The member companies that were included in the statistics of the association had a sales profit margin of only 3.14% in the first half of the year, down 0.40 percentage points year-on-year. To change this situation, we must improve China's iron ore resource support capacity and establish a sound iron ore resource strategic guarantee system. First, we must increase the exploration of domestic resources, rationally develop and utilize low-grade ore and tailings, and strengthen research, development, and comprehensive utilization of symbiotic ore, associated mineral resources, special ore and deep iron ore, and increase domestic resource supply. Secondly, it will make full use of special funds for overseas mineral resources investment, special funds for foreign economic and technological cooperation, and special funds for foreign mineral resources risk exploration, support enterprises to implement the “going out†strategy, and support enterprises to jointly develop iron ore resources overseas. At the same time, we must do a good job in the recycling and recycling of waste steel products. Improving the degree of openness to the outside world is a basic national policy of China and a powerful driving force for the development of the steel industry. Under the conditions of economic globalization, a strong industrial system and well-known steel multinational companies are formed in the increasingly fierce international competition. Therefore, to realize the transformation of China's steel industry from large to strong, we must combine "introduction" with "going out", expand the scope of opening up to the outside world, broaden the scope of opening up to the outside world, raise the level of opening up of the steel industry, and face up and compensate in international competition. The gaps and shortcomings of China's steel industry have developed and strengthened the comparative advantage of China's steel industry. We must improve policies and measures such as credit, foreign exchange, fiscal and taxation, and personnel entry and exit. Optimize the import structure, focusing on the introduction of advanced technologies and key equipment that are urgently needed for the development of China's steel industry. Improve export credit insurance policies, support steel companies to establish overseas marketing networks, and stabilize the export share of high-end steel products. Expand the scale of export credits for metallurgical equipment and drive the export of equipment and materials. Encourage steel production and equipment manufacturing enterprises to adopt a combination of industry and trade and technology and trade to export China's advantageous metallurgical complete sets of equipment. Innovate the use of foreign capital, optimize the use of foreign capital structure, combine the use of foreign capital with the adjustment and optimization of the steel industry structure, and play an active role in promoting the independent innovation and industrial upgrading of the steel industry by utilizing foreign capital. Encourage Chinese enterprises to establish R&D institutions and marketing networks abroad. Encourage and support powerful steel companies to acquire or participate in overseas companies with advanced technology, well-known brands, core patents, talent teams and marketing channels. Give play to the role of the Iron and Steel Association and related chambers of commerce, actively respond to countervailing and anti-dumping litigation in international trade, and maintain market order and a level playing field.
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