Functional peptides are classified according to the source of raw materials.
The lactopeptide is mainly prepared from casein and whey protease in animal milk. It is more soluble in water and digested and absorbed by human body than the original protein, and has acid resistance, heat resistance and low osmotic pressure. It is the most demanded and widely used functional peptide. Health food ingredients.
Soybean peptide prepared from soy protein hydrolyzate. It has low antigenicity, inhibits cholesterol, promotes lipid metabolism and fermentation. It is used in foods to quickly replenish protein sources, eliminate fatigue and act as a bifidobacterial growth factor.
Maize peptide is prepared by corn protease. It has anti-fatigue, improves the nutrition function of patients with liver, kidney and gastrointestinal diseases, and can promote alcohol metabolism and is used as a hangover food.
Pea peptide is obtained by enzymatically cleavage of pea protein. Gentle and inexpensive, it can be used in infant formula.
Ovaloid peptide is produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of egg protein. It has the characteristics of easy digestion and absorption, low antigen and heat resistance, and can be used in mobile foods, nutritious foods or cakes.
The animal peptide is prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis of protein in the muscles, viscera and blood of livestock. For example, beef fat is obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of defatted beef, containing higher branched chain amino acids and carnitine, and is a low calorie protein supplement; fresh pig liver enzyme Solution, decolorization, deodorization, ultrafiltration purified liver peptide, can be used as iron-absorbing absorbent, used in baby food, beverages, cakes, etc.; pig blood is enzymatically produced to obtain blood globulin peptide, which can be used in various foods.
Aquatic peptides Peptides prepared by proteolysis of various fish meats, such as sardine peptides, are angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides, which do not contain bitter taste and can be used for the production of health foods or preparations for preventing and treating hypertension.
Silk protein peptide The low peptide produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of silkworm silk protein has many functions such as promoting alcohol metabolism, lowering cholesterol, preventing dementia, etc. It can be used for hangover foods and special health foods.
Compound peptides Compound peptides obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of various protein mixtures such as animals and plants, aquatic products, and livestock products have the function of improving lipid metabolism and can be used in various health foods.
Currently used in human functional peptide products
Digestible peptides: mainly low peptides such as dipeptides and tripeptides, which have faster digestion and absorption than amino acids, high absorption rate, low antigenicity, low osmotic pressure, no adverse reactions such as allergies and diarrhea, and are suitable for gastric function. Low-grade, gastrointestinal disease patients with postoperative recovery, endurance athletes, infants and the elderly nourishing food.
Antimicrobial peptides, also known as antimicrobial peptides, are widely distributed in nature and are found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. For example, plants, microorganisms, insects and vertebrates are rapidly synthesized during microbial infection, and can also be produced by gene cloning techniques, such as nisin, which has a strong bactericidal action. Antibacterial peptides are mainly used for food preservation and preservation.
Morphine tablet peptide is derived from casein, whey protein, lactoglobulin separation and hemoglobin and plant protease hydrolysis in animal milk. It is the earliest food protein peptide with analgesic, regulating human emotion, breathing, pulse, body temperature and digestion. System and endocrine and other functions.
Morphine-like antagonist peptides are obtained by trypsinization of cow's milk K-casein, antagonizing morphin-like peptides, and inhibiting angiotensin-converting enzyme and smooth muscle contractile activity.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory peptide (ACEI peptide) is an ACEI peptide obtained by isolating natural snake venom and enzymatically decomposing collagen or bovine milk protein, soybean, corn, sardine, krill protein, etc. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor has a remarkable effect of lowering blood pressure. Its low peptide is easy to digest and absorb, has the functions of promoting cell proliferation and improving capillary permeability, and can be used as a blood pressure-reducing food base.
Cholesterol-inhibiting peptides Plant proteins such as soybeans are produced by pepsin or trypsin. They have high hydrophobicity, can stimulate the secretion of thyroxine, promote bile acidification of cholesterol, increase cholesterol excretion, and are used for cholesterol-lowering health foods.
Promoting mineral absorption peptide is mainly casein phosphopeptide (CPP) prepared by trypsinization of casein in animal milk. It has the function of promoting calcium and iron absorption, and can be used for infants, elderly foods and lactose-tolerant yogurt. product.
The body's defense functional peptides, such as glutathione (GSH), are biosynthesized by microbial cells or enzymes, and can also be produced recombinantly by E. coli and have many important physiological functions.
Bitter peptide is a bitter substance in protein enzymatic hydrolysate. It is composed of some hydrophobic genes and hydrophobic amino acids. It can be adsorbed by activated carbon or further hydrolyzed by microorganisms such as telomerase, lactic acid bacteria and Saccharomyces cerevisiae to remove or reduce bitterness. Its essential amino acid content is higher than that of enzymatic hydrolysate, and its nutritional value is greater. It can be used as a food nutrition enhancer.
Hepatic encephalopathy control peptides, such as F-value oligopeptides, are prepared by animal or plant proteases for the prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy drugs and liver-protecting health foods or anti-fatigue foods.
International research progress on functional peptides
At present, the research field of functional peptides has developed rapidly, and has been highly valued by scientists and governments in various countries. In just a few years, many biofunctional peptides have been identified. Some functional peptides have been industrially produced as functional foods. The research and development of biofunctional peptides has great market potential as an emerging international biotechnology field.
In addition, functional peptides can also be used as a drug. At present, hundreds of peptide drugs have been produced, involving clinical treatment of most diseases. For example, the artificial synthesis of insulin, it has saved the lives of countless diabetic patients. In 2003, atypical pneumonia (SARS) broke out in our country. In the study of anti-SARS drugs, researchers at the Fourth Military Medical University found three peptides that have a clear inhibitory effect on SARS virus. This study of inhibition of coronavirus has laid a solid foundation for the synthesis of a series of peptide drugs and for the development of anti-SARS drugs. These three peptides have been officially approved by the Center for Viral Disease Prevention and Control and the Center for Viral Resources of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Researchers believe that SARS coronavirus is a single-stranded ribonucleic acid virus. After the SARS pathogen was identified, the researchers found that the SARS coronavirus has a ring similar to the "Japanese scorpion", and its internal four structural proteins, especially the S protein, play a key role in the replication of the SARS virus and its erosion of human cells. The polypeptide prevents the coronavirus from invading the cell, thereby inhibiting the coronavirus from invading the human cell. Experts say that there is no clinically effective drug for the treatment of SARS in the world. Therefore, this type of peptide has a clear inhibitory effect on SARS coronavirus. On May 15, 2003, the State Intellectual Property Office of China has accepted patent applications for this research result in China.
Modern nutrition research found that after humans ingested proteins through the digestive tract enzymes, most of them are digested and absorbed by low peptides, and the proportion of absorption in the form of free amino acids is small. Further experiments revealed that peptides digested faster and absorbed more than free amino acids, indicating that the peptides have higher biopotency and nutritional value than free amino acids. This is also the infinite charm of functional peptides.
Biofunctional peptides are a general term for different peptides from different dipeptides to complex linear and circular structures composed of 20 natural amino acids in different compositions and arrangements. They are multifunctional compounds derived from proteins. Functional peptides have a variety of human metabolism and physiological regulation functions, easy to digest and absorb, have the functions of promoting immunity, hormone regulation, antibacterial, antiviral, lowering blood pressure, lowering blood fat, etc., and have high food safety, which is the most popular in the international food industry. Research topics and functional factors with great development prospects.
Lactopeptide Internationally, the company is represented by Japan Senyong Dairy Co., Ltd. in the development, research and production of milk peptide food. As early as the 1950s, the company used the cheese protein to produce the first generation of casein peptides and amino acid mixtures, containing 5 to 8 amino acids and 70% of free amino acids for low antigenicity. Hypoallergenic milk powder has been marketed for more than 40 years; in the 1960s and 1970s, a second generation of highly hydrolyzed whey protein peptide mixture containing 10 to 12 amino acid peptides and 40% to 60% free amino acids was developed. The free amino acid content of the above two generations of products is too high, affecting the flavor and bio-potency of the product; in the 1990s, a low-hydrolysis whey protein peptide mixture was introduced, containing 10 to 15 amino acids and less than 20% free. Amino acid, product flavor is significantly improved, and biological potency is improved.
In 1992, Haque.ZU and Mozffar.Z studied the process of preparing a lactopeptide from an immobilized reactor of enzymes such as trypsin and chymotrypsin. The reaction rate can be controlled by adjusting the flow rate, and the cost can be reduced by repeatedly using the enzyme. In 1989, Maubois.JD and Ieonil.j. studied an enzyme reactor with an ultrafiltration membrane, and added calcium and phosphate ions to the reactor for the preparation of casein phosphopeptides and dephosphorylated casein polypeptides.
China's research progress on functional peptides
There are few studies on lactopeptides in China, mainly to screen proteases and optimize the enzymatic hydrolysis process. For example, in 1991, Xiao Anle and others screened trypsin to optimize the enzymes for hydrolyzing denatured whey protein; 1994 In the year, Wang Fengyi et al. optimized the optimal conditions for trypsin to control the hydrolysis of α-casein; Zhang Heping used trypsin to hydrolyze heat-sensitive whey protein to obtain a thermostable, easily soluble peptide, and developed a stable Good whey beverage; in 1995, Yu Jianghong also isolated and purified from cow's milk protein to obtain casein phosphopeptide, which confirmed that it can form soluble complex with calcium, iron and other minerals in the small intestine, promoting human body Absorption of calcium and iron; the CPI content of casein phosphopeptide produced by Guangzhou Light Industry Research Institute is more than 85%, soluble in water, stable in processing performance, and has been introduced in the Chinese market. Recently, biologists in China have developed milk peptide products with high microbial fermentation control and high protein conversion rate, in which ammonia nitrogen accounts for about 20%, and peptide nitrogen accounts for about 80%. The product has no bad smell and has been patented; Hubei Workers Wu Sifang and others conducted immobilized trypsin to produce casein phosphopeptides. The CPP yield was 21.3%, and the total CPP content in the product was 15%. In this process, the enzyme can be used repeatedly, which reduces the cost. Conducive to product separation and production automation.
Soybean peptide Soybean peptide is a mixture of peptides obtained by separation or purification of soy protein by acid or enzymatic hydrolysis. It is mainly composed of small molecular peptides composed of 3 to 6 amino acids, and also contains a small amount of macromolecular peptides, free amino acids and sugars. And components such as inorganic salts have a molecular mass of 1000 μ or less. The protein content of soybean peptide is about 85%, and its amino acid composition is the same as that of soybean protein. The balance of essential amino acids is good and the content is rich. Compared with soy protein, soybean peptide has the functions of high digestion and absorption rate, rapid energy supply, lowering cholesterol, lowering blood pressure and promoting fat metabolism, as well as no bean flavor, no protein degradation, no acid precipitation, no heat condensation, and easy dissolution. It is an excellent health food material with good processing properties such as water and good fluidity.
The production of soybean peptides is acid hydrolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis. The acid method is rarely used because of the difficulty in controlling the degree of hydrolysis, the production conditions are harsh, and the amino acid is damaged; the enzymatic hydrolysis is easy to control, the conditions are mild, and the amino acid is not damaged, and most of them are used. The choice of enzymes is crucial. Animal proteases such as trypsin and pepsin are usually used, and plant proteases such as papaya and pineapple can also be used. However, the main applications are microbial proteases such as actinomycetes 166, Bacillus subtilis 1389, Aspergillus oryzae 3942, Aspergillus niger 3350 and Bacillus licheniformis 2709.
Hangzhou Xiangbao Feed Co., Ltd. has processed the protein by enzymatic hydrolysis, molecular cleavage, activation, etc., and the formed functional peptides can improve the lean rate of animals, repair intestinal damage of animals, increase the amount of milk in mammals, etc. The Intellectual Property Office applied for an invention patent.
The latest biomedical research found that endothelin-functional peptides can promote the effective division of melanocytes and increase the resistance to melanin-producing free radicals. Modern medical research has shown that the cause of skin pigmentation and aging changes lies in the peroxidation produced by cellular processes. The role of free radicals, as well as tyrosinase, enhanced activity, blood oxygenation and SOD can inhibit tyrosinase activity, scavenge free radicals, inhibit the formation of melanocytes. It has been verified by hundreds of customers in our center. The functional peptides not only whiten and freckle, but also quickly remove melanin and yellow pigment, which can be whitened and the effect is remarkable.
Attached: the function of small peptides or peptides
As a carrier and transportation tool in the living body, the nutrients that people usually eat are transported to various parts of the human body to fully exert their functions; small peptides act as neurotransmitters in organisms to transmit information; small peptides have strong activity and diversity. It can fully regulate the physiological functions of the human body and enhance the physiological activity of the human body; the peptide can not only provide the nutrients needed for human growth and development, but also has special biological functions, which can prevent and treat blood clots, hyperlipemia, hypertension, anti-aging, anti-fatigue, Improve the body's immunity and promote the body's absorption of various beneficial trace elements such as protein, vitamins, amino acids, calcium, iron, zinc, selenium, magnesium, copper, etc. Some small peptides have the original food protein or other constituent amino acids. Important physiological functions.
Some small molecular weight peptides in biofunctional peptides have the characteristics of fast absorption, low consumption and unsaturation compared with amino acid transport functions. The scientific community and the medical community can use their characteristics to supplement nutrition for people in special conditions, such as post-operative wound healing, rehabilitation, and body recovery; mental stress, overwork, loss of appetite; chemicals in food, heavy metals, Radiation storage, residual pesticides, long-term chemical drugs, traditional Chinese medicine, gastrointestinal dysfunction caused by digestive system damage; large amount of exercise, strong physical labor intensity, timely supplementation of nitrogen source, can not increase the burden of gastrointestinal function; digestive system due to disease disorders An infant who cannot eat; an infant who is not mature in the digestive organs, and an elderly person whose digestion and absorption function begins to decline. The small peptides in the biofunctional peptides have a significant effect on the growth of various beneficial vitamins such as lactic acid bacteria, Bifidobacterium and yeast in the human body, which is of great significance for the digestion and absorption of food nutrition.
1. Modern immune products: biologically active peptides (small peptides), such as “Sanjiu protein peptidesâ€, which play an important role in “SARSâ€, have the function of strengthening human immune function and have not been used by peptide drugs in the past to deal with modern viruses. Features. It is antibacterial, anti-modern virus, prevents SARS cells from entering the human body, can imitate the protein on the surface of the virus, and "competes" with the virus, thereby blocking the way the virus infects cells. Therefore, this polypeptide is the nemesis of modern viruses and is the top quality of modern immunity. The polypeptide also has the effect of stimulating the phagocytic ability of macrophages and inhibiting the growth of tumor cells.
2, the neuropeptide in the polypeptide can play an analgesic and regulate the body's mood, breathing, pulse, body temperature. Unlike ordinary analgesics, it does not have any side effects after entering the body through the digestive organs.
3. Antihypertensive peptide, which achieves antihypertensive function by inhibiting the activity of ACE, and achieves the purpose of treating hypertension.
4. Functional peptides with numerous other functions, including "lipopeptides", "sows peptides", "casein phosphopeptides (CPPs)", "hypoglycemic peptides (trypsin)", "hormone peptides (growth hormones) Release factor), "albumin insulin growth peptide", "antimicrobial peptide", "anti-cancer peptide (tumor cell necrosis factor, cyclohexyl peptide, cyclic peptide)" and "anti-AIDS peptide" can all utilize their functions. Prevention and treatment of "modern diseases".
Customized Handle,Minimalist Walnut Door Handle,Aluminum Alloy Door Handle,Stainless Steel Door Handle
Guangzhou Junpai Hardware Co., Ltd , https://www.gdjhfurniture.com