wheat
(1) Irrigation winter wheat area in the North China Plain. Including Shandong Province and Tianjin City, central and southern Hebei Province, south central Beijing, north central Henan Province, Shaanxi Province Guanzhong Plain, southern Shanxi Province.
Fertilization principle
(1) Due to the good bottom of wheat planting last year, there is more rain after sowing, and the wheat seedlings are good. The temperature has been high since winter, and some fields are planted early, the amount of sowing is large, and the amount of fertilization is high. February In most areas in the second half of the year, low temperature hazards are encountered. Therefore, according to the growth of seedlings and the occurrence of frost damage in winter and spring, nitrogen fertilizer should be applied in different stages, and the proportion of application in the middle and late stages of jointing should be appropriately increased. According to the application rate of base (base) fertilizer, seedling condition, temperature and The soil fertility status scientifically determines the amount and time of topdressing; the in situ, the seedlings, and the topdressing.
(2) According to the soil moisture and water retention and fertilizer conservation capacity, the irrigation amount and time should be reasonably determined to achieve the integration of water and fertilizer management.
(3) Grasp the favorable opportunity for wheat to return to green, and take timely measures to promote the transformation of weak seedlings and increase the rate of ear formation; control the long field to prevent the late fall.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) Before returning to green, the total number of stems per acre is less than 450,000. The three types of wheat fields with lighter leaf color and poor growth should be managed in time for fertilizer and water, and spring topdressing can be carried out twice. For the first time in the greening period, 5~8 kg of urea was applied per acre with the watering; the second time was 5~10 kg of urea per acre with the watering at the jointing stage.
(2) Before returning to green, the total number of stems per acre is between 45,000 and 600,000, and the second group of wheat fields with a small population is 10 to 15 kilograms of urea per acre combined with watering in the wheat body.
(3) Before returning to green, the total number of stems per acre is between 60,000 and 800,000. A suitable group of wheat fields can be combined with watering for 12 to 15 kilograms per acre during jointing.
(4) Before returning to green, the total number of stems per acre is more than 800,000, the color of leaves is dark green, and there is a tendency to grow. The cultivating should be carried out during the regreening period, delaying the application of nitrogen fertilizer and reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, controlling the population and preventing lodging. It is late with greed. Generally, 8~10 kg of urea can be applied per acre in the late stage of jointing.
(5) Wheat that is subjected to freezing injury during winter or regreening period should be topdressed and watered according to the occurrence of frost damage. For severe frost damage, 5-10 kg of urea should be applied per acre and watering should be carried out to promote early tillering of wheat and increase tillering rate. Reduce the loss of frost damage.
(6) It is necessary to apply diammonium phosphate to the base fertilizer without applying phosphate fertilizer or phosphorus deficiency field. No or little application of potassium fertilizer is recommended to apply nitrogen and potassium compound fertilizer in the greening or jointing stage; combined with the control of sheath blight, one spray and three defenses, the fertilizer should be compensated for phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; there is no irrigation condition or no effective precipitation. Spraying urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the leaf surface in spring to play the role of fertilizer.
(7) Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer can be sprayed on the foliar surface of wheat during grain filling to prevent dry hot air and lodging, increase grouting intensity and increase grain weight.
(8) In the wheat field of sulfur-deficient area, if the base fertilizer is not applied with superphosphate, potassium sulfate or sulfur-based compound fertilizer, the ammonium sulfate should be applied in the first topdressing, and the amount of sulfur applied per mu is about 2 kg.
(9) Many farmers do not squat after rotary tillage, resulting in deep sowing of deep seedlings, low tillering, and weak seedlings. It is recommended to apply 10~15 kg of urea during the returning period.
(2) North China rain-fed winter wheat area. It includes the north of the Huaihe River in Jiangsu and Anhui provinces, and the southeastern part of Henan Province.
Fertilization principle
(1) It is necessary to combine the suppression of the soil with the ploughing and ploughing before the wheat is returned to the green, to maintain the soil moisture, to improve the ground temperature to promote the transformation of the seedlings, and to improve the drought resistance of the wheat.
(2) Wheat fertilization should be stratified several times, not only combined with meteorology, but also applied in small amounts before and after rainfall and snowfall. Do not expose the fertilizer to the air after fertilization.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) In the early spring, the soil is green or snow, and it is applied with chemical fertilizer or ditching strips. 5~7 kg of urea is applied per acre. After fertilization, the soil is covered. If the rain occurs in the middle and late stages, urea can be applied 5~8 per mu. kg. In the phosphate-deficient field, 7-10 kg of diammonium phosphate is used per mu, and the potassium-deficient plot is applied with 15-20 kg of nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer; after fertilization, it is covered.
(2) In order to prevent the late drought, the soil should be repressed at the appropriate time before the soil is thawed and returned to green, and the soil is removed, the soil is soiled, and the soil is protected. The suppression should be combined with the ploughing of the ploughing. Before the wheat is sealed, wheat or corn stalks are covered per acre to reduce the evaporation loss of soil moisture.
(3) If the number of stems is more than 800,000 years ago, the total number of stems is more than 800,000. Due to the excessive consumption of large nutrients in the wheat population, the spring wheat seedlings are yellow or the yellowing of the gaskets, and the topdressing can be carried out 2 to 3 times during the greening period. , 10 kg/time of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer per acre.
(4) The wheat population is too small during the wintering period (before the greening, the total number of stems per acre is less than 450,000, and the three types of wheat fields with lighter leaf color and poor growth) should be timely management of fertilizer and water, and return to the jointing period. 2~3 times of topdressing, followed by rainfall 5~8 kg/mu per mu.
(5) Combine with the control of sheath blight, one spray and three defenses to compensate for trace elements such as sulfur, zinc and boron, and spray urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate to play the role of fertilizer.
(3) Winter wheat area in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Including Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Shanghai, south of Henan, Anhui and Jiangsu provinces south of the Huaihe River.
Fertilization principle
(1) In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in the winter of last year, the temperature in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River was low. In many places in this spring, the temperature was low. It should be repressed or slashed before the wheat was returned to the green, and it would be protected against cold and frost and promote the transformation of the seedlings. Enhance the ability of wheat to resist drought and keep cold.
(2) According to the soil fertility, the application of base fertilizer, the seedling condition and the soil moisture, the amount of topdressing and irrigation is determined scientifically, and the soil is fertilized by seedlings.
(3) The combination of fertilizer and water management with drought and flood control and pest control. 2. Fertilization advice
(1) Pay close attention to the weather conditions and seedlings before the wheat returns to green, especially the rainfall. If the drought persists, the weather will pick up in the early spring, the soil evaporation will increase, and the wheat seedlings will have early water supply when there is a demand for soil moisture. Pay attention to the temperature change and master the irrigation amount and time.
(2) Comprehensive judgment based on winter frost damage and group situation. If there are more large-scale frozen deaths or serious shortages of the group, the irrigation should be combined as soon as possible, and the green fertilizer should be applied to promote the large-scale springs and ensure the number of panicles.
(3) The production level is below 300 kg/mu, and the urea level is 6~8 kg/mu combined with the irrigation period from the start-up period to the jointing stage; the yield level is 300-400 kg/mu, and the urea is added to the jointing stage to combine the irrigation with urea 8~11. Kg/mu and potassium chloride 1~3 kg/mu; production level 400~550 kg/mu, from the period of up to the jointing stage, combined with irrigation, topdressing urea 11~16 kg/mu and potassium chloride 3~5 kg/mu; The production level is 550 kg/mu or more. From the start-up period to the jointing stage, combined with irrigation, the urea is applied to 17~20 kg/mu and the potassium chloride is 3~5 kg/mu.
(4) In some areas where trace elements are scarce, it is recommended to combine the “one spray three preventions†and the control of pests and weeds (aphids and scab) to spray trace elements in wheat jointing, booting and filling stages. Fertilization; and in the wheat filling period, 150-200 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus 0.5 to 1 kg of urea and 50 kg of water for foliar application.
(4) Rain-fed and dry-growing winter wheat area in the northwest. Including northern Hebei Province, northern Beijing, southern Wulanchabu City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, most of Shanxi Province, northern Shaanxi Province, western Henan Province, northern Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, eastern Gansu Province.
Fertilization principle
(1) There was a big difference in precipitation before and after wheat planting in the past year. In this spring, the local precipitation and soil moisture should be used to suppress or slash before the wheat is greened, to promote mites, to promote the transformation of seedlings, and to enhance the ability of wheat to resist drought and cold. , cold, anti-freeze, anti-spring drought.
(2) In response to the situation of the seedlings, seize the opportunity, carry out the early spring topping and chemical regulation, and promote the combination of control to ensure stable production and increase production of dryland wheat.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) In order to prevent post-rain drought, dryland wheat should take effective water conservation measures in time to prevent and reduce the loss of soil moisture before the early spring wheat closure. Relieve or slash at the right time before the soil is thawed and returned to green, remove the filth, solidify the soil, and provide protection. For dry land that has been overwintered with winter water, it will be drawn early before thawing and returning to green, breaking the knot and eliminating cracks. Before the wheat is sealed, 200-300 kg of wheat or corn stalks per acre can be covered between rows to reduce the evaporation loss of soil moisture.
(2) In the field where the fertilizer is insufficiently invested, it is necessary to grasp the timing of the rain and timely carry out the wheat early spring topdressing. The nitrogen-deficient field uses 5-7 kg of urea per acre, and the phosphate-poor field uses 7-10 kg of diammonium phosphate per acre, and is applied to the soil by a fertilizer applicator (耧). Dry land with irrigation conditions, combined with spring irrigation, 6-8 kg of urea per acre of nitrogen-deficient fields, and 8-10 kg of diammonium phosphate per acre of phosphate-poor field.
(3) Before the sowing, the lyrical situation is good or the sowing is early, and the fertilization amount is high. In dry land without irrigation conditions, it is necessary to suppress the shovel and protect the raft as soon as possible. In the dry land where the winter water is poured, the water should be drawn early and the spring watering should be postponed until the late jointing stage.
(4) Fields that are planted late and have weak seedlings should be combined with Baoyu as early as possible to improve the ground temperature and promote the growth of weak seedlings.
(5) Northwestern irrigation wheat area. It is mainly based on spring wheat, including central Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, northern Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, central and western Gansu Province, eastern Qinghai Province and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.
Fertilization principle
(1) Determine the target yield according to soil fertility, reduce the input of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, supplement the potassium fertilizer, and supplement the micro-fertilizer in an appropriate amount.
(2) Adding organic fertilizer, the whole amount of straw will return to the field and fertilize the soil, and promote organic and inorganic cooperation.
(3) "N, P, K and K, early application of base fertilizer, skillful application of top dressing." Guarantee Miao Qi, Miao Quan. Appropriate topdressing, to prevent the wheat from overwhelming in the early stage, and later to reduce fertilizer and reduce production.
(4) Fertilization should be effectively combined with irrigation. Emphasis is placed on early application of base fertilizer, machine sowing fertilizer, top dressing before irrigation, and application of zinc and boron micro-fertilizers at the booting stage.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) Recommended 17-18-10 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula.
(2) The production level is 300~400 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 20~25 kg/mu. From the start-up period to the jointing stage, combined with irrigation and topdressing urea 10~15 kg/mu.
(3) The production level is 400~550 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 30~35 kg/mu. From the start-up period to the jointing stage, combined with irrigation and topdressing urea 15~20 kg/mu.
(4) The production level is 550 kg/mu or more, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 35~40 kg/mu. From the start-up period to the jointing stage, combined with irrigation, 15~20 kg/mu of urea.
(5) The production level is below 300 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 15~20 kg/mu. From the start-up period to the jointing stage, combined with irrigation and 5~10 kg/mu of urea.
Rice
(1) Single-season rice area in the northeast cold region. Including all of Heilongjiang Province and some counties in Hulunbeier City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.
1. Fertilization management principles
(1) According to the results of soil testing and formula fertilization, the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer is appropriately reduced, and the amount of potassium fertilizer is optimized.
(2) Reduce the amount and proportion of base fertilizer and nitrogen, increase the proportion of panicle fertilizer, and make the ratio of ear fertilizer to nitrogen at jointing stage reach about 30%.
(3) Early application of green fertilizer to promote early splitting, and return to green fertilizer within 3 days after transplanting. (4) Appropriately supplement the medium and trace elements according to the soil nutrient status.
(5) Calcium, magnesium and phosphate fertilizers should be applied to the acidic sites, and the alkaline fertilizers should be used less or without urea as top dressing. Ammonium sulfate can be used as top dressing.
(6) After the application of the base fertilizer, the rotary tillage is carried out to achieve full-layer fertilization; the water-saving irrigation technique is adopted, and the field is applied for about 3 days before fertilization, and the fertilization takes water with nitrogen; in the conditional areas, the lateral body fertilization and transplanting can be integrated.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) Recommended 13-19-13 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula.
(2) The production level is 450~550 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 18~23 kg/mu. The fertilizer is divided into 5~7 and 3 kg/mu respectively.
(3) The production level is 550 kg/mu or more, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 23~29 kg/mu. The fertilizer is applied to the fertilizer and the grain fertilizer is 7~8, 3~4 kg/mu, and the grain fertilizer is applied to the potassium chloride. ~3 kg / mu.
(4) The production level is below 450 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 14~18 kg/mu. The fertilizer is divided into 4~5 and 2~3 kg/mu respectively.
(2) Single-season rice area in Jidong, Northeast China. It includes all of Jilin and Liaoning provinces, as well as some counties of Chifeng, Tongliao and Xing'an League in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.
Fertilization principle
(1) Determine the amount of reasonable fertilizer in the plot according to the results of soil testing and fertilization.
(2) Control the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer, rationally allocate the period of nitrogen fertilizer application, and appropriately increase the proportion of panicle fertilizer.
(3) Rational application of phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, and appropriate supplementation of medium and trace element fertilizers. (4) Increase the amount of organic fertilizer applied. 2. Fertilization advice
(1) Recommended 15-16-14 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula.
(2) The production level is 500~600 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 24~28 kg/mu. The fertilizer is divided into 8~9 and 4~5 kg/mu respectively.
(3) The production level is 600 kg/mu or more, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 28~33 kg/mu. The fertilizer is applied to the fertilizer and the grain fertilizer is 9~11, 5 kg/mu, and the grain fertilizer is applied to the potassium chloride 1~3. Kg/mu.
(4) The production level is below 500 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 19~24 kg/mu. The fertilizer is divided into 6~8 and 3~4 kg/mu respectively. Zinc-deficient or cold-impregnated field-based zinc sulphate 1~2 kg/mu, silicon fertilizer 15~20 kg/mu.
(3) Single-season rice area on the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Including the eastern part of Sichuan Province, all of Chongqing, southwestern Shaanxi, some counties in northern Guizhou, and western Hubei.
Fertilization principle
(1) Add organic fertilizer and promote the combination of organic and inorganic.
(2) Adjust the ratio of base fertilizer to top dressing, and appropriately reduce the amount of base fertilizer nitrogen fertilizer. (3) Deep application of base fertilizer, topdressing "with water with nitrogen".
(4) Appropriately reduce the amount of phosphorus fertilizer in rice in the oil rice field.
(5) Select medium and low concentration phosphate fertilizers, such as calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and calcium, etc.; potassium fertilizer to choose potassium chloride.
(6) In a field with a soil pH of 5.5 or less, a silicon-containing alkaline fertilizer or a base applied lime is suitably applied.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) The production level is below 450 kg/mu, the nitrogen fertilizer (N) dosage is 6~8 kg/mu; the production level is 450~550 kg/mu, the nitrogen fertilizer (N) dosage is 8~10 kg/mu; the production level is 550~650 kg. /mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) dosage 10~12 kg/mu; production level 650 kg/mu or more, nitrogen fertilizer (N) dosage 12~14 kg/mu. Phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 5~7 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 4~6 kg/mu.
(2) Nitrogen fertilizer base fertilizer accounts for 50%~60%, manure fertilizer accounts for 20%~30%, panicle fertilizer accounts for 20%~30%; organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer all base application; potassium fertilizer base fertilizer (60%~70%) and Spike fertilizer (30%~40%) was applied twice.
(3) In the zinc-deficient and boron-deficient areas, the appropriate amount of zinc fertilizer and boron fertilizer should be applied; in the soil with strong acidity, the application of siliceous alkaline fertilizer or quicklime should be 30~50 kg per mu.
(4) Single and double-season rice areas in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. It includes the central and eastern parts of Hubei Province, the northeastern part of Hunan Province, the northern part of Jiangxi Province, and all of Anhui Province.
Fertilization principle
(1) Appropriately reduce the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer and increase the proportion of panicle fertilizer. (2) Deep application of base fertilizer, topdressing "with water with nitrogen".
(3) Phosphate fertilizer is preferred for calcium or calcium magnesium phosphate, and potassium for potassium. (4) Add organic fertilizer and promote straw returning. 2. Fertilization advice
(1) The production level is below 350 kg/mu, the nitrogen fertilizer (N) dosage is 6~7 kg/mu; the production level is 350~450 kg/mu, the nitrogen fertilizer (N) dosage is 7~8 kg/mu; the production level is 450~550 kg. /mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) dosage 8~10 kg/mu; production level 550 kg/mu or more, nitrogen fertilizer (N) dosage 10~12 kg/mu. Phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 4~7 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 4~8 kg/mu.
(2) 50%~60% of nitrogen fertilizer as base fertilizer, 20%~25% as manure, 10%~15% as panicle fertilizer; phosphate fertilizer as all base fertilizer; 50%~60% of potash fertilizer as base fertilizer, 40%~50% as Spike fertilizer; in the zinc-deficient area, the appropriate amount of zinc fertilizer; appropriate base application of silicon fertilizer.
(3) The amount of base fertilizer can be appropriately reduced by applying organic fertilizer or planting green manure. In the land where straw is returned to the field, the amount of potassium fertilizer can be reduced by about 30%.
(5) Single-season rice areas in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Including all of Jiangsu, northern Zhejiang. Fertilization principle
(1) Add organic fertilizer and combine organic and inorganic.
(2) Control the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer, adjust the proportion of base fertilizer and top dressing, and appropriately reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer used in base fertilizer.
(3) Deep application of base fertilizer, topdressing "with water with nitrogen".
(4) Oil (wheat) rice round for field, appropriate reduction of rice phosphate fertilizer. Potassium fertilizer is selected for potassium.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) The production level is below 500 kg/mu, the nitrogen fertilizer (N) dosage is 8~10 kg/mu; the production level is 500-600 kg/mu, the nitrogen fertilizer (N) dosage is 10~12 kg/mu; the production level is 600 kg/mu. Above, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer (N) is 12~15 kg/mu. Phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 5~6 kg/mu; potash fertilizer (K2O) 6~8 kg/mu.
(2) Nitrogen fertilizer base fertilizer accounts for about 50%, manure fertilizer accounts for 20%~30%, panicle fertilizer accounts for 20%~30%; organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer all base application; potassium fertilizer base fertilizer (60%~70%) and panicle fertilizer (30%~40%) applied twice. The zinc-deficient soil is applied with 1 kg of zinc sulfate per acre; suitable base is applied with silicon fertilizer.
(3) The amount of base fertilizer can be appropriately reduced by applying organic fertilizer or planting green manure.
(6) Single and double-season rice areas in the hilly mountains of the south of the Yangtze River. Including the south-central part of Hunan Province, southeastern Jiangxi Province, southern Zhejiang Province, north central Fujian Province, northern Guangdong Province.
Fertilization principle
(1) Determine the target yield according to soil fertility, control the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer, balance application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and combine organic and inorganic.
(2) Deep application of base fertilizer, topdressing "with water with nitrogen".
(3) Phosphate fertilizer preferentially choose calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer or calcium.
(4) Appropriate application of soil amendments or based limes to acidic soils. 2. Fertilization advice
(1) Under the condition of about 500 kg per mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 10~13 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 3~4 kg/mu; potash fertilizer (K2O) 8~10 kg/mu.
(2) Nitrogen application in divided applications, base fertilizer accounts for 35%~50%, tiller fertilizer accounts for 25%~35%, panicle fertilizer accounts for 20%~25%, tiller fertilizer is appropriately postponed; all phosphate fertilizers are applied; potassium fertilizer is 50% as base fertilizer 50% as the ear fertilizer.
(3) It is recommended to return the straw to the field or increase the application of organic fertilizer. For the plots where the straw is returned to the field, the amount of potassium fertilizer can be reduced by 30%; for the field where organic fertilizer is applied, the amount of base fertilizer can be appropriately reduced.
(4) On the soil with strong acidity, 40~50 kg of siliceous alkaline fertilizer or quicklime should be applied per acre.
(7) Double-season early rice in the hills of the South China Plain. Including the southern part of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, southern Guangdong Province, Hainan Province, southeast of Fujian Province.
Fertilization principle
(1) Control the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer, adjust the base and the proportion of chasing, reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the early stage, and implement the shift of nitrogen fertilizer.
(2) Deep application of base fertilizer, topdressing "with water with nitrogen".
(3) Phosphate fertilizer preferentially choose calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer or calcium.
(4) In a field with a soil pH of 5.5 or less, a silicon-containing alkaline fertilizer or a base applied lime is suitably applied.
(5) Supplementation of trace element zinc fertilizer in zinc-deficient fields, submerged rice fields and low-temperature and widowed areas.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) Recommended 18-12-16 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula.
(2) The yield per mu is 350~450 kg, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 26~33 kg/mu, the base fertilizer is 13~20 kg/mu, and the split fertilizer and panicle fertilizer are applied respectively for 5~8 kg/mu, 3~5 kg/ mu.
(3) The yield per mu is 450~550 kg, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 33~41 kg/mu, the base fertilizer is 17~24 kg/mu, and the split fertilizer and panicle fertilizer are applied respectively 7~10 kg/mu, 4~7 kg/ mu.
(4) The yield per mu is more than 550 kg, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 41~48 kg/mu, the base fertilizer is 22~29 kg/mu, and the split fertilizer and panicle fertilizer are applied respectively for 8~11 kg/mu, 5~8 kg/mu. .
(5) The yield per mu is below 350 kg, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 20~25 kg/mu, the base fertilizer is 11~14 kg/mu, and the split fertilizer and panicle fertilizer are respectively applied 4~6 kg/mu, 3~5 kg/mu .
(8) Single-season rice area in the southwest plateau mountains. Including all of Yunnan Province, southwest of Sichuan Province, most of Guizhou Province, western Hunan Province, northern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.
Fertilization principle
(1) Add organic fertilizer, implement straw returning, and combine organic and inorganic.
(2) Adjust the ratio of base fertilizer to top dressing and reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer used in the previous period.
(3) In the case of phosphorus-deficient soil, phosphate fertilizer should be added appropriately; it is best to choose calcium, magnesium and phosphorus fertilizers. (4) Rice fields with low potassium supply capacity, pay attention to potassium supplementation in the late growth stage of rice.
(5) In a field with a soil pH of 5.5 or less, an alkaline soil conditioner containing silicon calcium or a base applied lime is suitably applied.
(6) Fertilizer application combined with high-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques. 2. Fertilization advice
(1) Recommended 17-13-15 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula.
(2) The production level is 400~500 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 26~33 kg/mu. The fertilizer is divided into 6~7, 4~5 kg/mu.
(3) The production level is 500~600 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 33~39 kg/mu. The fertilizer is divided into 5~8, 5~6 kg/mu, and the grain fertilizer is applied to the potassium chloride. 1~2 kg/mu.
(4) The production level is 600 kg/mu or more, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 39~46 kg/mu. The fertilizer is applied to the fertilizer and the grain fertilizer is 8~10, 6~7 kg/mu, and the grain fertilizer is applied to the potassium chloride. ~4 kg / mu.
(5) The production level is below 400 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 20~26 kg/mu. The fertilizer is divided into 4~6, 3~4 kg/mu.
(6) In the zinc-deficient area, apply 1~2 kg of zinc sulfate per acre; apply 30-50 kg of siliceous alkaline fertilizer or quicklime per acre of the soil with low soil pH.
Spring corn
(1) The cold spring corn area in the northeast. Most of Heilongjiang and the eastern part of Jilin Province. Fertilization principle
(1) According to the soil fertilization results, determine the reasonable amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. (2) Nitrogen application in divided applications, and high-yield fields should increase the proportion of potassium fertilizer application.
(3) According to the climate and soil fertility conditions, the combination of agricultural machinery and agronomy, combined application of seed fertilizer and base fertilizer.
(4) Add organic fertilizer, promote the cooperation of organic and inorganic fertilizers, and return the straw to the field.
(5) Pay attention to the application of trace elements in sulfur and zinc, and acidify the soil to increase the application of alkaline fertilizer.
(6) It is recommended to intercropping or interplanting corn and soybeans, while reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer applied and adding organic fertilizer and biological fertilizer.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) Recommended 14-18-13 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula.
(2) The production level is 500~600 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 23~28 kg/mu, and the seven-leaf stage is followed by urea 11~13 kg/mu.
(3) The production level is 600~700 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 28~32 kg/mu, and the urea in the seven-leaf stage is 13~16 kg/mu.
(4) The production level is above 700 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 32~37 kg/mu, and the application of urea in the seven-leaf stage is 16~18 kg/mu.
(5) The production level is below 500 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 18~23 kg/mu, and the application rate of urea in the seven-leaf stage is 9~11 kg/mu.
(2) The semi-humid spring corn area in the northeast. The southwest of Heilongjiang Province, the central part of Jilin Province and the northern part of Liaoning Province.
Fertilization principle
(1) Control the application amount of NPK fertilizer, apply nitrogen fertilizer in different times, appropriately reduce the amount of base fertilizer, and make full use of the effect of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.
(2) For the one-time fertilization plot, choose slow-release fertilizer, and appropriately increase the application of diammonium phosphate as seed fertilizer.
(3) Plots with high effective potassium content and low yield levels may be applied with or without potassium fertilizer when organic fertilizer is applied.
(4) The soil with high soil pH, high yield level and zinc deficiency should pay attention to the application of zinc fertilizer. The long-term application of chlorine-based compound fertilizer should be changed to sulfur-based compound fertilizer.
(5) Increase the amount of organic fertilizer and increase the strength of straw returning to the field.
(6) Promote the application of high-yield and high-dense varieties, appropriately increase the planting density of corn, increase the yield of corn, and give full play to the effect of fertilizer.
(7) Deep pine breaks the bottom layer of the plow, promotes root development, and improves water and fertilizer use efficiency.
(8) When the mulching film covers the planting area, it may be considered to use slow-release fertilizers when applying the bottom (base) fertilizer to reduce the number of top dressings.
(9) The lower limit of the recommended amount of fertilization scheme for medium and high fertility soil. 2. Base chasing combined fertilization advice
(1) Recommended 15-18-12 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula.
(2) The production level is 550~700 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 24~31 kg/mu, and the large flare period is followed by urea 13~16 kg/mu.
(3) The production level is 700~800 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 31~35 kg/mu, and the large flare period is about 16~18 kg/mu.
(4) The production level is above 800 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 35~40 kg/mu, and the large flare period is about 18~21 kg/mu.
(5) The production level is below 550 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 20~24 kg/mu, and the large flare period is about 10~13 kg/mu.
3. One-time fertilization advice
(1) Recommended 29-13-10 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula.
(2) The production level is 550~700 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 33~41 kg/mu, which is used as a base fertilizer or seedling stage top dressing.
(3) The production level is 700~800 kg/mu, and 30% release period is required for 50~60 days of slow-release nitrogen release. The recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 41~47 kg/mu, which is used as a base fertilizer or seedling stage top dressing. .
(4) The production level of 800 kg/mu or more requires a 30% release period of 50-60 days of slow-release nitrogen release, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 47-53 kg/mu, which is used as a base fertilizer or seedling stage top dressing.
(5) The production level is below 550 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 27~33 kg/mu, which is used as a base fertilizer or seedling stage top dressing.
(3) Semi-arid spring maize area in Northeast China. Including the western part of Jilin Province, the northeastern part of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and the southwestern part of Heilongjiang Province.
Fertilization principle
(1) Using organic-inorganic fertilizer combined with fertilization technology, the aeolian sandy soil can be covered with straw and no-tillage fertilization technology.
(2) Deep application of nitrogen fertilizer, the depth of fertilization should reach 8~10 cm; the fertilization should be applied in several stages, and the nitrogen fertilizer should be applied in the big horn period.
(3) Give full play to the coupling of water and fertilizer, use the synchronous law of maximum efficiency of corn for water and fertilizer demand, and apply nitrogen fertilizer combined with irrigation.
(4) Master the principle of balanced fertilization, coordinate the supply of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and pay attention to the use of zinc fertilizer in zinc-deficient plots.
(5) According to the soil characteristics of the region, physiological acid fertilizer should be used, and monoammonium phosphate should be used as the seed fertilizer.
(6) The lower limit of the recommended amount of fertilization scheme for medium and high fertility soil. 2. Fertilization advice
(1) Recommended 13-20-12 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula.
(2) The production level is 450~600 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 25~33 kg/mu, and the large flare period is 10~14 kg/mu.
(3) The production level is above 600 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 33~38 kg/mu, and the large flare period is about 14~16 kg/mu.
(4) The production level is below 450 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 19~25 kg/mu, and the large flare period is about 8~10 kg/mu.
(4) Warm and humid spring corn area in the northeast. Including the majority of Liaoning Province and the northeastern part of Hebei Province.
Fertilization principle
(1) According to the soil fertilization results, determine the reasonable amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. (2) Nitrogen fertilizers should be applied in batches, and disposable fertilization should not be used as much as possible. The proportion and frequency of potash application should be increased in high-yield fields.
(3) Increase the intensity of straw returning to the field, increase the application of organic fertilizer, and increase the soil organic matter content.
(4) Emphasis on the application of trace elements in sulfur, zinc and the like.
(5) Fertilizer application must be combined with high-yield cultivation techniques such as deep pine and densification. (6) The medium and high fertility soil adopts the lower limit of the recommended amount of fertilization scheme. 2. Fertilization advice
(1) Recommended 17-17-12 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula.
(2) The production level is 500~600 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 24~29 kg/mu, and the large flare period is about 14~16 kg/mu.
(3) The production level is 600~700 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 29~34 kg/mu, and the large flare period is about 16~19 kg/mu.
(4) The production level is above 700 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 34~39 kg/mu, and the urea is applied at 19~22 kg/mu.
(5) The production level is below 500 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 20~24 kg/mu, and the large flare period is about 11~14 kg/mu.
(5) The northwest rainfed and drought-producing spring maize area. Including northern Hebei Province, northern Beijing, southern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, most of Shanxi Province, northern Shaanxi Province, northern Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and eastern Gansu Province.
Fertilization principle
(1) Organic and inorganic combination, it is better to use organic fertilizer with high maturity and water content. (2) Carry out the principle of deep application of fertilizer, the depth of fertilization is 10~20 cm, and the fertilizer should be applied to the surface before sowing.
(3) Master the principle of balanced fertilization, and pay attention to the use of zinc fertilizer in zinc-deficient plots.
(4) Fertilize according to the fertilization characteristics of spring corn, and advocate the application of nitrogen fertilizer during the big horn period. 2. Base chasing combined fertilization advice
(1) Recommended 15-20-10 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula.
(2) The production level is 450~600 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 30~35 kg/mu, and the large flare period is about 12~16 kg/mu.
(3) The production level is 600~700 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 35~40 kg/mu, and the large flare period is about 16~19 kg/mu.
(4) The production level is above 700 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 40~45 kg/mu, and the urea is applied at 19~22 kg/mu.
(5) The production level is below 450 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 20~25 kg/mu, and the large flare period is about 10~12 kg/mu.
3. One-time fertilization advice
(1) Recommended 26-13-6 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula.
(2) The production level is 450~600 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 45~50 kg/mu, which is used as a base fertilizer or seedling stage top dressing.
(3) The production level is 600~700 kg/mu, and there can be 20%~40% release-release nitrogen fertilizer with 50~60 days release period. The recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 50~55 kg/mu, which is used as base fertilizer or seedling stage. Sexual administration.
(4) The production level is above 700 kg/mu, and there may be 20%~40% release period of 50~60 days of controlled release nitrogen. The recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 55~60 kg/mu, which is used as base fertilizer or seedling stage. Sexual administration.
(5) The production level is below 450 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 30~40 kg/mu, which is used as a base fertilizer or seedling stage top dressing.
(6) Irrigation spring corn area in the north. The eastern and central parts of Inner Mongolia, the northern part of Shaanxi Province, the northern part of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and the eastern part of Gansu Province.
Fertilization principle
(1) Organic and inorganic bonding.
(2) Deep application of fertilizer, the depth of fertilization should reach 10~20 cm, and the fertilizer should be applied to the surface before sowing.
(3) The proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is coordinated, and the zinc-deficient land should pay attention to the use of zinc fertilizer.
(4) According to the fertilization characteristics of corn, fertilization, fertilization, and promotion of nitrogen fertilizer during the big horn period.
(5) Give full play to the coupling of water and fertilizer, use the synchronous law of the maximum efficiency of corn and water demand, and apply nitrogen fertilizer combined with irrigation.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) Recommended 13-22-10 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula.
(2) The production level is 500~650 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 30~40 kg/mu, and the large flare period is about 15~17 kg/mu.
(3) The production level is 650~800 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 40~45 kg/mu, and the large flare period is about 17~20 kg/mu.
(4) The production level is above 800 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 45~50 kg/mu, and the urea is 20~25 kg/mu during the big bell period.
(5) The production level is below 500 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 25~30 kg/mu, and the large flare period is about 13~15 kg/mu.
(7) Northwestern Oasis Irrigation Spring Corn Area. Including the central and western regions of Gansu Province and the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.
Fertilization principle
(1) The base fertilizer is the main, the topdressing supplement is the supplement; the farmhouse fertilizer is the main, the chemical fertilizer is the supplement; the nitrogen fertilizer is the main, the phosphate fertilizer is the supplement; the ear fertilizer is the main, and the grain fertilizer is the supplement.
(2) Implement soil testing and formula fertilization, and appropriately reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer.
(3) According to the soil potassium condition, the potassium fertilizer is applied efficiently; attention is paid to the combination of trace elements such as zinc.
(4) Promote the return of straw to the field and fertilize the soil.
(5) When the moisture is poor after fertilization, timely irrigation; advocate the integrated fertilization technology of water and fertilizer under drip irrigation.
(6) Advocate the sub-application of nitrogen fertilizer, and appropriately increase the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer. (7) Appropriately increase the planting density, construct a reasonable group, and improve the fertilizer effect. 2. Fertilization advice
(1) Recommended 17-23-6 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula.
(2) The production level is 550~700 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 25~35 kg/mu, and the large flare period is about 10~15 kg/mu.
(3) The production level is 700~800 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 35~40 kg/mu, and the large flare period is about 15~20 kg/mu.
(4) The production level is above 800 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 40~45 kg/mu, and the large flare period is 20~25 kg/mu.
(5) The production level is below 550 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 20~25 kg/mu, and the urea is applied to 10~15 kg/mu.
potato
(1) North potato one area, including Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Ningxia, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Qinghai, and Xinjiang.
Fertilization principle
(1) According to the soil test results and target yield, determine the reasonable amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. (2) Reduce the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer base, appropriately increase the number of nitrogen fertilizer application, and strengthen the supply of nitrogen fertilizer during tuber formation and tuber expansion.
(3) According to the content of trace element nutrients in the soil, the trace element fertilizer is sprayed in the appropriate amount of flour in the growing season of the potato.
(4) Add organic fertilizer and promote the application of organic and inorganic fertilizers.
(5) Fertilizer application should be combined with pest control techniques, especially the prevention and treatment of diseases.
(6) Implement water and fertilizer integration as much as possible. 2. Fertilization advice
(1) It is recommended that 11-18-16 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula be used as seed fertilizer, and urea and potassium sulfate (or nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer) as top dressing;
(2) The production level is more than 3000 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer (fertilizer) is 60 kg/mu, and the application period of the seedling stage to the tuber expansion period is 18-20 kg/mu, and the potassium sulfate is 12-15 kg/mu. ;
(3) The production level is 2000-3000 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer (fertilizer) is 50 kg/mu, and the application period of the seedling stage to the tuber expansion period is 15-18 kg/mu, and the potassium sulfate is 8-12 kg/ mu;
(4) The production level is 1000-2000 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer (fertilizer) is 40 kg/mu, and the urea is 10-15 kg/mu during the seedling stage to the tuber expansion period, and the potassium sulfate is 5-8 kg/mu;
(5) The production level is below 1000 kg/mu, and it is recommended to apply 19-10-16 or similar formula fertilizer 35-40 kg/mu.
(2) Southern Spring is a potato area, including Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Sichuan, and Chongqing.
Fertilization principle
(1) According to the soil test results and target yield, determine the reasonable amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; optimize the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer according to soil fertility conditions.
(2) Add organic fertilizer, promote the application of organic and inorganic; avoid using organic fertilizer that is not fully decomposed.
（3）ä¾æ®åœŸå£¤é’¾ç´ 状况，适当增施钾肥。
（4）肥料分é…上以基ã€è¿½ç»“åˆä¸ºä¸»ï¼Œè¿½è‚¥ä»¥æ°®é’¾è‚¥ä¸ºä¸»ã€‚
（5）ä¾æ®åœŸå£¤ä¸å¾®é‡å…ƒç´ 养分å«é‡çŠ¶å†µï¼Œåœ¨é©¬é“ƒè–¯æ—ºç››ç”Ÿé•¿æœŸå¶é¢é€‚é‡å–·æ–½ä¸å¾®é‡å…ƒç´ 肥料。
（6ï¼‰è‚¥æ–™æ–½ç”¨åº”ä¸Žé«˜äº§ä¼˜è´¨æ ½åŸ¹æŠ€æœ¯ç›¸ç»“åˆï¼Œå°¤å…¶éœ€è¦æ³¨æ„病害防治。
2.施肥建议
（1）推è13-15-17（N-P2O5-K2O）或相近é…æ–¹ä½œåŸºè‚¥ï¼Œå°¿ç´ ä¸Žç¡«é…¸é’¾ï¼ˆæˆ–æ°®é’¾å¤åˆè‚¥ï¼‰ä½œè¿½è‚¥ï¼›ä¹Ÿå¯é€‰æ‹©15-10-20或相近é…æ–¹åšè¿½è‚¥ã€‚
（2）产é‡æ°´å¹³3000公斤/亩以上：é…方肥（基肥）推è用é‡60公斤/亩；苗期到å—èŒŽè†¨å¤§æœŸåˆ†æ¬¡è¿½æ–½å°¿ç´ 10～15公斤/亩，硫酸钾10～15公斤/亩，或追施é…方肥（追肥é…方，15-10-20）20～25公斤/亩。
（3）产é‡æ°´å¹³2000～3000公斤/亩：é…方肥（基肥）推è用é‡50公斤/亩；苗期到å—èŒŽè†¨å¤§æœŸåˆ†æ¬¡è¿½æ–½å°¿ç´ 5～10公斤/亩，硫酸钾8～12公斤/亩，或追施é…方肥（追肥é…方，15-10-20）15～20公斤/亩。
（4）产é‡æ°´å¹³1500～2000公斤/亩：é…方肥（基肥）推è用é‡40公斤/亩；苗期到å—èŒŽè†¨å¤§æœŸåˆ†æ¬¡è¿½æ–½å°¿ç´ 5～10公斤/亩，硫酸钾5～10公斤/亩，或追施é…方肥（追肥é…方，15-10-20）10～15公斤/亩。
（5）产é‡æ°´å¹³1500公斤/亩以下：建议施用é…方肥（基肥）推è用é‡40公斤/亩；苗期到å—èŒŽè†¨å¤§æœŸåˆ†æ¬¡è¿½æ–½å°¿ç´ 3～5公斤/亩，硫酸钾4～5公斤/亩，或追施é…方肥（追肥é…方，15-10-20）10公斤/亩。
（6）æ¯äº©æ–½ç”¨2～3方有机肥åšåŸºè‚¥ï¼›è‹¥åŸºè‚¥æ–½ç”¨äº†æœ‰æœºè‚¥ï¼Œå¯é…Œæƒ…å‡å°‘化肥用é‡ã€‚
（7）对于硼或锌缺ä¹çš„土壤，å¯åŸºæ–½ç¡¼ç ‚1公斤/亩或硫酸锌1～2公斤/亩。
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（一）长江æµåŸŸå†¬æ²¹èœåŒº1.施肥原则
（1）去年秋冬油èœç§æ¤åŽå¤§éƒ¨åˆ†åŒºåŸŸæ°”温较高ã€å¢’情较好，冬油èœç”Ÿè‚²æœŸæ™®é比往年ææ—©10天左å³ï¼Œç›®å‰é•¿æ±Ÿä¸Šæ¸¸å†¬æ²¹èœå·²è¿›å…¥åˆèŠ±æœŸã€é•¿æ±Ÿä¸‹æ¸¸å†¬æ²¹èœå¼€å§‹è¿›å…¥åˆèŠ±æœŸã€ä¸‰ç†Ÿåˆ¶å†¬æ²¹èœéƒ¨åˆ†è¿›å…¥ç››èŠ±æœŸï¼Œåº”æ ¹æ®ä¸åŒç§æ¤åŒºåŸŸåœŸå£¤å…»åˆ†çŠ¶å†µã€å½“å‰è‹—情åŠç›®æ ‡äº§é‡æ°´å¹³åˆ†ç±»æŒ‡å¯¼ï¼Œç§‘å¦æ–½è‚¥ã€‚
（2）在目å‰æ²¹èœå·²ç»å°è¡Œçš„情况下，追肥时注æ„以水带肥。
（3ï¼‰åŠ å¼ºç”°é—´ç®¡ç†ï¼ŒåŠæ—¶æ¸…沟防春å£æ¶æ¸ï¼Œæ高养分利用\效率。
2.施肥建议
（1）在基肥用é‡ä¸è¶³åŠåº”施冬å£è…Šè‚¥è€Œæœªæ–½çš„地å—，尤其是对长势较弱的直æ’æ²¹èœï¼ŒåŠæ—©å¢žæ–½é€Ÿæ•ˆè‚¥æ–™ï¼Œä»¥æ°®è‚¥ä¸ºä¸»ï¼Œå¯é€‚当施用水溶性å¤åˆè‚¥ï¼Œæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）用é‡2~3公斤/亩，磷肥（P2O5）用é‡0.5~1公斤/亩，钾肥（K2O）用é‡1~2公斤/亩。
（2）对于冬å£é•¿åŠ¿è¾ƒæ—ºä½†ç›®å‰æœ‰è„±è‚¥çŽ°è±¡çš„地å—，åŠæ—©è¿½æ–½æ°®è‚¥ï¼Œæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）用é‡2~3公斤/亩，如果有缺磷现象追施磷肥（P2O5）用é‡1~2公斤/亩，ä»å¯å½¢æˆé«˜äº§ã€‚
（3）ä¾æ®åœŸå£¤æœ‰æ•ˆç¡¼çŠ¶å†µï¼Œè¡¥å……硼肥，注æ„使用åˆæ ¼ç¡¼è‚¥ï¼Œå¯ä¸Žé˜²æ²»èŒæ ¸ç—…结åˆä¸€èµ·è¿›è¡Œè‚¥è¯å–·æ–½ï¼Œä¸€èˆ¬å¶é¢å–·æ–½ç¡¼ç ‚0.2公斤/亩。
（4）磷钾肥用é‡ä¸è¶³çš„地å—，在结èšæœŸå–·æ–½ç£·é…¸äºŒæ°¢é’¾ï¼Œä¸€èˆ¬å¶é¢å–·æ–½ç£·é…¸äºŒæ°¢é’¾0.3~0.5公斤/亩，å¯æœ‰æ•ˆé˜²æ¢æ²¹èœæ—©è¡°ã€‚
（二）北方春油èœåŒº1.施肥原则
（1ï¼‰æ ¹æ®åŒºåŸŸæ€§åœŸå£¤å…»åˆ†çŠ¶å†µï¼Œå……分利用测土é…方施肥技术æˆæžœï¼Œç§‘å¦æ–½è‚¥ã€‚有æ¡ä»¶çš„区域æ倡施用春油èœä¸“用é…方肥。
（2）氮肥分次施用，防æ¢ç”Ÿé•¿åŽæœŸè„±è‚¥ã€‚（3）基肥施于土下6~8厘米处。（4）补施硼肥ã€é”Œè‚¥å’Œç¡«è‚¥ã€‚
（5）增施有机肥，利用油èœæ”¶èŽ·åŽçš„æ°´çƒèµ„æºç§æ¤ç»¿è‚¥ã€‚（6）æ高æ’ç§è´¨é‡ï¼Œé€‚当æ高ç§æ¤å¯†åº¦ã€‚
（7）åšå¥½åœŸå£¤é›†å¢’ã€ä¿å¢’工作，利用水肥ååŒä½œç”¨ï¼Œæ高养分利用效率，促进油èœç”Ÿé•¿ã€‚
2.施肥建议
（1）产é‡æ°´å¹³100公斤/亩以下：氮肥（N）用é‡6公斤/亩；磷肥（P2O5）3公斤/亩；钾肥（K2O）2公斤/亩；硫酸锌0.5公斤/äº©ï¼›ç¡¼ç ‚0.5公斤/亩。
（2）产é‡æ°´å¹³100~150公斤/亩：氮肥（N）6~8公斤/亩；磷肥（P2O5）4公斤/亩；钾肥（K2O）2.5公斤/亩；硫酸锌1公斤/äº©ï¼›ç¡¼ç ‚0.5公斤/亩。
（3）产é‡æ°´å¹³150~200公斤/亩以上：氮肥（N）8~9公斤/亩；磷肥（P2O5）5公斤/亩；钾肥（K2O）2.5公斤/亩；硫酸锌1.5公斤/äº©ï¼›ç¡¼ç ‚0.75公斤/亩。
（4）产é‡æ°´å¹³200公斤/亩以上：氮肥（N）9~11公斤/亩；磷肥（P2O5）5~6公斤/亩；钾肥（K2O）3.0公斤/亩；硫酸锌1.5公斤/äº©ï¼›ç¡¼ç ‚1.0公斤/亩。
东北大豆
1.施肥原则
（1ï¼‰æ ¹æ®æµ‹åœŸç»“果，控制氮肥用é‡ã€é€‚当å‡å°‘磷肥施用比例，对于高产大豆，å¯é€‚å½“å¢žåŠ é’¾è‚¥æ–½è‚¥é‡ï¼Œå¹¶æå€¡æ–½ç”¨æ ¹ç˜¤èŒã€‚
（2）在å酸性土壤上，建议选择生ç†ç¢±æ€§è‚¥æ–™æˆ–生ç†ä¸æ€§è‚¥æ–™ï¼Œç£·è‚¥é€‰æ‹©é’™é•ç£·è‚¥ï¼Œé’™è‚¥é€‰æ‹©çŸ³ç°ã€‚
（3）æ倡侧深施肥，施肥ä½ç½®åœ¨ç§å侧é¢5~7厘米，ç§å下é¢5~8厘米；如åšä¸åˆ°ä¾§æ·±æ–½è‚¥å¯é‡‡ç”¨åˆ†å±‚施肥，施肥深度在ç§å下é¢3~4厘米å 1/3，6~8厘米å 2/3；难以åšåˆ°åˆ†å±‚施肥时，在北部高寒有机质å«é‡é«˜çš„地å—采å–侧施肥，其它地区采å–深施肥，尤其磷肥è¦é›†ä¸æ·±æ–½åˆ°ç§ä¸‹10厘米。
（4）补施硼肥和钼肥，在缺ä¹ç—‡çŠ¶è¾ƒè½»åœ°åŒºï¼Œé’¼è‚¥å¯é‡‡å–æ‹Œç§çš„æ–¹å¼ï¼Œæœ€å¥½å’Œæ ¹ç˜¤èŒå‰‚æ··åˆæ‹Œç§ï¼Œæ高接瘤效率。
（5）在“镰刀弯â€ç§æ¤åŒºåŸŸå’ŒçŽ‰ç±³æ”¹ç§å¤§è±†åŒºåŸŸï¼Œè¦å¤§å¹…å‡å°‘氮肥施用é‡ã€æŽ§åˆ¶ç£·è‚¥ç”¨é‡ï¼Œå¢žæ–½æœ‰æœºè‚¥ã€ä¸å¾®é‡å…ƒç´ å’Œæ ¹ç˜¤èŒè‚¥ã€‚
2.施肥建议
（1）ä¾æ®å¤§è±†å…»åˆ†éœ€æ±‚，氮磷钾（N-P2O5-K2O）施用比例在高肥力土壤为1：1.2：0.3~0.5；在低肥力土壤å¯é€‚å½“å¢žåŠ æ°®é’¾ç”¨é‡ï¼Œæ°®ç£·é’¾æ–½ç”¨æ¯”例为1：1：0.3~0.7。
（2ï¼‰ç›®æ ‡äº§é‡130~150公斤/亩，氮肥（N）2~3公斤/亩ã€ç£·è‚¥ï¼ˆP2O5）2~3公斤/亩ã€é’¾è‚¥ï¼ˆK2O）1~2公斤/亩。
（3ï¼‰ç›®æ ‡äº§é‡150~175公斤/亩，氮肥（N）3~4公斤/亩ã€ç£·è‚¥ï¼ˆP2O5）3~4公斤/亩ã€é’¾è‚¥ï¼ˆK2O）2~3公斤/亩。
（4ï¼‰ç›®æ ‡äº§é‡å¤§äºŽ175公斤/亩，氮肥（N）3~4公斤/亩ã€ç£·è‚¥ï¼ˆP2O5）4~5公斤/亩ã€é’¾è‚¥ï¼ˆK2O）2~3公斤/亩。在低肥力土壤å¯é€‚å½“å¢žåŠ æ°®é’¾ç”¨é‡ï¼Œæ°®ç£·é’¾æ–½ç”¨é‡ï¼šæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）4~5公斤/亩ã€ç£·è‚¥ï¼ˆP2O5）5~6公斤/亩ã€é’¾è‚¥ï¼ˆK2O）2~3公斤/亩。
（5）高产区或土壤钼ã€ç¡¼ç¼ºä¹åŒºåŸŸï¼Œåº”补施硼肥和钼肥；在缺ä¹ç—‡çŠ¶è¾ƒè½»åœ°åŒºï¼Œå¯é‡‡å–微肥拌ç§çš„æ–¹å¼ã€‚æå€¡æ–½ç”¨å¤§è±†æ ¹ç˜¤èŒå‰‚。
棉花
（一）黄淮海棉区1.施肥原则
（1）增施有机肥，æå€¡æœ‰æœºæ— æœºé…åˆã€‚
（2）ä¾æ®åœŸå£¤è‚¥åŠ›æ¡ä»¶ï¼Œé€‚当调å‡æ°®ç£·åŒ–肥用é‡ï¼Œåˆç†æ–½ç”¨é’¾è‚¥ï¼Œæ³¨æ„硼和锌的é…åˆæ–½ç”¨ã€‚
（3ï¼‰æ°®è‚¥åˆ†æœŸæ–½ç”¨ï¼Œå¢žåŠ ç”Ÿè‚²ä¸æœŸçš„氮肥施用比例，é™ä½ŽåŸºè‚¥æ¯”例。
（4）肥料施用应与çŒæº‰é˜²æ¶æŠ€æœ¯å’Œå…¶ä»–é«˜äº§ä¼˜è´¨æ ½åŸ¹æŠ€æœ¯ç›¸ç»“åˆã€‚
2.施肥建议
（1）亩产皮棉85~100公斤的æ¡ä»¶ä¸‹ï¼Œäº©æ–½ä¼˜è´¨æœ‰æœºè‚¥1~2å¨ï¼Œæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）12~15公斤，磷肥（P2O5）7~9公斤，钾肥（K2O）6~8公斤。对于硼ã€é”Œç¼ºä¹çš„棉田，注æ„补施硼ã€é”Œè‚¥ï¼Œç¡¼è‚¥ï¼ˆç¡¼ç ‚）ã€é”Œè‚¥ï¼ˆç¡«é…¸é”Œï¼‰ç”¨é‡æ¯äº©1~2公斤，硼肥å¶ç‰‡å–·æ–½äº©ç”¨é‡100~150克水溶性硼肥，在现蕾-开花期进行。
（2）氮肥25%~30%用作基肥，25%~30%用在åˆèŠ±æœŸï¼Œ25%~30%用在盛花期，10%~25%用作盖顶肥；15%磷肥åšç§è‚¥ï¼Œ85%磷肥作基肥；钾肥全部用作基肥或基追（åˆèŠ±æœŸï¼‰å„åŠã€‚从盛花期开始，对长势弱的棉田，结åˆæ–½è¯æ··å–·0.5%~1.0%å°¿ç´ å’Œ0.3%~0.5%磷酸二氢钾溶液50~75公斤/亩，æ¯éš”7~10天喷一次，连ç»å–·æ–½2~3次。
（二）长江ä¸ä¸‹æ¸¸æ£‰åŒº1.施肥原则
（1）增施有机肥，æå€¡æœ‰æœºæ— æœºç›¸ç»“åˆã€‚
（2）ä¾æ®åœŸå£¤è‚¥åŠ›çŠ¶å†µå’Œè‚¥æ•ˆå应，适当调å‡æ°®ç£·åŒ–肥用é‡ï¼Œç¨³å®šé’¾è‚¥ç”¨é‡ã€‚
（3）土壤硼ã€é”Œæ˜Žæ˜¾ç¼ºä¹çš„棉田应基施硼肥和锌肥；潜在缺ä¹çš„应注é‡æ ¹å¤–追施硼ã€é”Œè‚¥ã€‚
（4ï¼‰å¯¹äºŽè‚²è‹—ç§»æ ½æ£‰ç”°ï¼Œç£·é’¾è‚¥é‡‡ç”¨ç©´æ–½æˆ–æ¡æ–½ç‰é›†ä¸æ–½ç”¨ã€‚
（5）肥料施用应与çŒæº‰é˜²æ¶æŠ€æœ¯å’Œå…¶ä»–é«˜äº§ä¼˜è´¨æ ½åŸ¹æŠ€æœ¯ç›¸ç»“åˆã€‚
2.施肥建议
（1）皮棉亩产在90~110公斤的æ¡ä»¶ä¸‹ï¼Œäº©æ–½ç”¨ä¼˜è´¨æœ‰æœºè‚¥1~2å¨ï¼Œæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）13~16公斤，磷肥（P2O5）6~7公斤，钾肥（K2O）10~12公斤。对于硼ã€é”Œç¼ºä¹çš„棉田，注æ„è¡¥æ–½ç¡¼ç ‚1.0~2.0公斤/亩和硫酸锌1.5~2.0公斤/亩。低产田适当调低施肥é‡20%å·¦å³ã€‚
（2）氮肥25%~30%作基施，25%~30%用作åˆèŠ±æœŸè¿½è‚¥ï¼Œ25%~30%用作盛花期追肥，15%~20%用作铃期追肥；磷肥全部作为基施；钾肥60%用作基施，40%用作åˆèŠ±æœŸè¿½è‚¥ã€‚从盛花期开始对长势较弱的棉田，喷施0.5%~1.0%å°¿ç´ å’Œ0.3%~0.5%磷酸二氢钾溶液50~75公斤/亩，æ¯éš”7~10天喷一次，连ç»å–·æ–½2~3次。
（三）西北棉区1.施肥原则
（1）ä¾æ®åœŸå£¤è‚¥åŠ›çŠ¶å†µå’Œè‚¥æ•ˆå应，适当调整氮肥用é‡ã€å¢žåŠ 生育ä¸æœŸæ–½ç”¨æ¯”例，åˆç†æ–½ç”¨ç£·ã€é’¾è‚¥ã€‚
（2）充分利用有机肥资æºï¼Œå¢žæ–½æœ‰æœºè‚¥ï¼Œé‡è§†æ£‰ç§†è¿˜ç”°ã€‚
（3ï¼‰æ–½è‚¥ä¸Žé«˜äº§ä¼˜è´¨æ ½åŸ¹æŠ€æœ¯ç›¸ç»“åˆï¼Œå°¤å…¶è¦é‡è§†æ°´è‚¥ä¸€ä½“化调控。
2.施肥建议
（1）膜下滴çŒæ£‰ç”°ï¼šçš®æ£‰äº©äº§åœ¨120~150公斤皮棉的æ¡ä»¶ä¸‹ï¼Œäº©æ–½ç”¨æ£‰ç±½é¥¼50~75公斤，氮肥（N）20~22公斤，磷肥（P2O5）8~10公斤左å³ï¼Œé’¾è‚¥ï¼ˆK2O）5~6公斤；皮棉亩产在150~180公斤的æ¡ä»¶ä¸‹ï¼Œäº©æ–½ç”¨æ£‰ç±½é¥¼75~100公斤，氮肥（N）22~24公斤，磷肥（P2O5）10~12公斤左å³ï¼Œé’¾è‚¥ï¼ˆK2O）6~8公斤。对于硼ã€é”Œç¼ºä¹çš„棉田，补施水溶性好的硼肥1.0~2.0公斤/亩，硫酸锌1.5~2.0公斤/亩。硼肥适宜å¶é¢å–·æ–½ï¼Œäº©ç”¨é‡100~150克。锌肥å¯ä»¥åšåŸºè‚¥æ–½ç”¨ï¼Œäº©ç”¨é‡1~2公斤。
氮肥基肥å 总é‡25%å·¦å³ï¼Œè¿½è‚¥å 75%å·¦å³ï¼ˆçŽ°è•¾æœŸ15%，开花期20%，花铃期30%,棉铃膨大期10%），磷肥ã€é’¾è‚¥åŸºè‚¥å 50%å·¦å³ï¼Œå…¶ä»–作追肥。全生育期追肥次数8次左å³ï¼Œä»ŽçŽ°è•¾æœŸå¼€å§‹è¿½è‚¥ï¼Œä¸€æ°´ä¸€è‚¥ã€‚å‰æœŸæ°®å¤šç£·å°‘，ä¸åŽæœŸç£·å¤šæ°®å°‘，结åˆæ»´çŒç³»ç»Ÿå®žè¡ŒçŒæº‰æ–½è‚¥ã€‚æ倡选用滴çŒä¸“用肥作追肥，用普通市售肥料作追肥è¦æ±‚氮磷比（纯养分）2：1或更高。
（2）常规çŒæº‰ï¼ˆæ·¹çŒæˆ–沟çŒï¼‰æ£‰ç”°ï¼šçš®æ£‰äº©äº§åœ¨90~110公斤æ¡ä»¶ä¸‹ï¼Œäº©æ–½ç”¨æ£‰ç±½é¥¼50公斤或优质有机肥1~1.5å¨ï¼Œæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）18~20公斤，磷肥（P2O5）7~8公斤左å³ï¼Œé’¾è‚¥ï¼ˆK2O）2~3公斤；皮棉亩产在110~130公斤æ¡ä»¶ä¸‹ï¼Œäº©æ–½ç”¨æ£‰ç±½é¥¼75~100公斤或优质有机肥1.5~2.0å¨ï¼Œæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）20~23公斤，磷肥（P2O5）8~10公斤左å³ï¼Œé’¾è‚¥ï¼ˆK2O）3~6公斤。对于硼ã€é”Œç¼ºä¹çš„棉田，注æ„补施硼ã€é”Œè‚¥ã€‚
地é¢çŒæ£‰ç”°45%~50%的氮肥用作基施，50%~55%作追肥施用。30%的氮肥用在åˆèŠ±æœŸï¼Œ20%~25%的氮肥用在盛花期。50%~60%的磷钾肥用作基施，40%~50%用作追肥。硼肥è¦å¶é¢å–·æ–½ï¼Œäº©ç”¨é‡100~150克。锌肥åšåŸºè‚¥æ–½ç”¨ï¼Œäº©ç”¨é‡1~2公斤。
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（一）苹果1.施肥原则
（1）增施有机肥，æå€¡æœ‰æœºæ— æœºé…åˆæ–½ç”¨ï¼›ä¾æ®åœŸå£¤æµ‹è¯•å’Œæ ‘相，适当调å‡æ°®ç£·é’¾åŒ–肥用é‡ï¼›æ³¨æ„å¢žåŠ é’™ã€é•ã€ç¡¼å’Œé”Œçš„施用。
（2）秋å£å·²ç»æ–½åŸºè‚¥çš„æžœå›ï¼ŒèŒèŠ½å‰ä¸æ–½è‚¥æˆ–少施肥。秋å£æœªæ–½åŸºè‚¥çš„æžœå›ï¼Œä¸€æ˜¯å‚照秋å£æ–½è‚¥å»ºè®®åœ¨èŒèŠ½å‰å°½æ—©æ–½å…¥ï¼Œæ—©æ˜¥å¹²æ—±ç¼ºæ°´äº§åŒºè¦åœ¨æ–½è‚¥åŽè¡¥å……水分以利于养分å¸æ”¶åˆ©ç”¨ï¼›äºŒæ˜¯åœ¨èŒèŠ½å‰å–·3é1%~3%çš„å°¿ç´ åŠ é€‚é‡ç™½ç³–和其他缺ä¹çš„å¾®é‡å…ƒç´ å¢žåŠ è´®è—养分，以利于å‡è½»æ—©æ˜¥æ™šéœœå†»å±å®³ã€‚
（3ï¼‰ä¸Žé«˜äº§ä¼˜è´¨æ ½åŸ¹æŠ€æœ¯ç›¸ç»“åˆï¼Œå¦‚å¹³åŽŸåœ°èµ·åž„æ ½åŸ¹ã€ç”Ÿè‰æŠ€æœ¯ã€ä¸‹åž‚æžœæžä¿®å‰ªæŠ€æœ¯ä»¥åŠå£èœ‚授粉技术ç‰ã€‚山东åŠå²›ç‰è¿žç»å¹²æ—±çš„区域è¦ä¸Žåœ°è†œç‰è¦†ç›–结åˆã€‚
（4）土壤酸化的果å›å¯é€šè¿‡æ–½ç”¨ç¡…é’™é•è‚¥å’ŒçŸ³ç°æ”¹è‰¯åœŸå£¤ã€‚
2.施肥建议
（1）亩产2500公斤以下果å›ï¼šæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）7.5~10公斤/亩，磷肥（P2O5）5~6.5公斤/亩，钾肥（K2O）10~12.5公斤/亩；亩产2500~4000公斤果å›ï¼šæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）10~17.5公斤/亩，磷肥（P2O5）5~10公斤/亩，钾肥（K2O）12.5~20公斤/亩；亩产4000公斤以上果å›ï¼šæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）12.5~20公斤/亩，磷肥（P2O5）7.5~12公斤/亩，钾肥（K2O）15~22.5公斤/亩。
（2）化肥分3~6次施用，第一次在果实套袋å‰åŽï¼ˆ5月下旬），氮磷钾é…åˆæ–½ç”¨ï¼Œå»ºè®®æ–½ç”¨17-10-18苹果é…方肥；6月ä¸æ—¬ä»¥åŽå»ºè®®è¿½è‚¥2~5次；å‰æœŸä»¥æ°®é’¾è‚¥ä¸ºä¸»ï¼Œå¢žåŠ 钾肥用é‡ï¼Œå»ºè®®æ–½ç”¨16-6-20é…方肥；åŽæœŸä»¥é’¾è‚¥ä¸ºä¸»ï¼Œé…åˆå°‘é‡æ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆæ°®è‚¥ç”¨é‡æ ¹æ®æžœå®žå¤§å°ç¡®å®šï¼Œæžœå®žè¾ƒå¤§çš„一定è¦å‡å°‘氮肥用é‡ï¼Œä¸”å¢žåŠ é’™è‚¥ç‰ç”¨é‡ï¼‰ã€‚干旱区域建议采用窄沟多沟施肥方法，多雨区域å¯æ”¾å°„沟法或撒施。
（3）土壤缺锌ã€ç¡¼å’Œé’™çš„æžœå›ï¼ŒèŒèŠ½å‰åŽæ¯äº©æ–½ç”¨ç¡«é…¸é”Œ1~1.5公斤ã€ç¡¼ç ‚0.5~1.0公斤ã€ç¡é…¸é’™30公斤；在花期和幼果期å¶é¢å–·æ–½0.3%ç¡¼ç ‚ã€æžœå®žå¥—袋å‰å–·3次0.3%的钙肥。土壤酸化的果å›ï¼Œæ¯äº©æ–½ç”¨çŸ³ç°150~200公斤或硅钙é•è‚¥50~100公斤ç‰ã€‚
（二）桃
1.施肥原则
（1ï¼‰åŠ å¼ºæœ‰æœºè‚¥æ–½ç”¨æ¯”ä¾‹ï¼Œä¾æ®åœŸå£¤è‚¥åŠ›å’Œæ—©ä¸æ™šç†Ÿå“ç§åŠäº§é‡æ°´å¹³ï¼Œåˆç†è°ƒæŽ§æ°®ç£·é’¾è‚¥æ–½ç”¨æ°´å¹³ï¼Œæ³¨æ„é’™ã€é•ã€ç¡¼å’Œé”Œæˆ–é“肥的é…åˆæ–½ç”¨ã€‚
（2）ä¸åŒå“ç§çš„春å£è¿½è‚¥æ—¶æœŸè¦æœ‰å·®åˆ«ï¼Œæ—©ç†Ÿå“ç§è¾ƒæ™šç†Ÿå“ç§è¿½è‚¥æ—¶æœŸæ—©ï¼Œæ›´è¦åŠ 强秋施基肥，其春å£è¿½è‚¥æ¬¡æ•°æ¯”晚熟å“ç§å°‘。
（3ï¼‰ä¸Žä¼˜è´¨æ ½åŸ¹æŠ€æœ¯ç›¸ç»“åˆï¼Œå¤å£æ˜“出现æ¶å®³çš„平原地区需注æ„结åˆèµ·åž„ã€è¦†è†œæˆ–æžœå›ç”Ÿè‰æŠ€æœ¯ï¼›å¹²æ—±åœ°åŒºæ倡采用地表覆盖和穴贮肥水技术。
2.施肥建议
（1）早熟å“ç§ã€æˆ–土壤肥沃ã€æˆ–æ ‘é¾„å°ã€æˆ–æ ‘åŠ¿å¼ºçš„æžœå›æ–½æœ‰æœºè‚¥1~2æ–¹/亩；晚熟å“ç§ã€åœŸå£¤ç˜ è–„ã€æ ‘龄大ã€æ ‘势弱的果å›æ–½æœ‰æœºè‚¥2~4æ–¹/亩。
（2）产é‡æ°´å¹³1500公斤/亩的桃å›ï¼šæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）8~10公斤/亩，磷肥（P2O5）5~8公斤/亩，钾肥（K2O）10~13公斤/亩；产é‡æ°´å¹³2000公斤/亩的桃å›ï¼šæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）13~16公斤/亩，磷肥（P2O5）7~10公斤/亩，钾肥（K2O）15~18公斤/亩；产é‡æ°´å¹³3000公斤/亩的桃å›ï¼šæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）16~18公斤/亩，磷肥（P2O5）10~12公斤/亩，钾肥（K2O）18~21公斤/亩。
（3）全部有机肥作基肥最好于秋å£æ–½ç”¨ï¼Œç§‹å£æœªæ–½ç”¨çš„在春å£åœŸå£¤è§£å†»åŽåŠæ—©æ–½å…¥ï¼Œé‡‡ç”¨å¼€æ²Ÿæˆ–挖穴方法土施；50%的磷肥和30%钾肥åŠ50%的氮肥一åŒä¸Žæœ‰æœºè‚¥åŸºæ–½ã€‚ä¸æ—©ç†Ÿå“ç§å¯ä»¥åœ¨æ¡ƒæ ‘èŒèŠ½å‰ï¼ˆ3月åˆï¼‰ï¼Œæžœå®žè¿…速膨大å‰åˆ†2次追肥，第一次氮磷钾é…åˆæ–½ç”¨ï¼Œç¬¬äºŒæ¬¡ä»¥é’¾è‚¥ä¸ºä¸»é…åˆæ°®ç£·è‚¥ï¼›æ™šç†Ÿå“ç§å¯ä»¥åœ¨èŒèŠ½å‰ï¼ŒèŠ±èŠ½ç”Ÿç†åˆ†åŒ–期（5月下旬至6月下旬），果实迅速膨大å‰åˆ†3次追肥。èŒèŠ½å‰è¿½è‚¥ä»¥æ°®è‚¥ä¸ºä¸»é…åˆç£·é’¾è‚¥ï¼ŒåŽä¸¤æ¬¡è¿½è‚¥ä»¥é’¾è‚¥ä¸ºä¸»é…åˆæ°®ç£·è‚¥ã€‚
（4）2016年桃å果率高负载é‡è¿‡é«˜ï¼Œä»Šå¹´åº”åŠ å¼ºæ ¹å¤–è¿½è‚¥ï¼ŒèŒèŠ½å‰å¯å–·æ–½2~3次1%~3%çš„å°¿ç´ ï¼ŒèŒèŠ½åŽè‡³7月ä¸æ—¬ä¹‹å‰ï¼Œæ¯éš”7天1次，按2æ¬¡å°¿ç´ ä¸Ž1次磷酸二氢钾（浓度为0.3%~0.5%）的顺åºå–·æ–½ã€‚
（三）梨
1.施肥原则
（1）增施有机肥料，实施梨å›ç”Ÿè‰ã€è¦†è‰ï¼ŒåŸ¹è‚¥åœŸå£¤ï¼›åœŸå£¤é…¸åŒ–严é‡çš„æžœå›æ–½ç”¨çŸ³ç°å’Œæœ‰æœºè‚¥è¿›è¡Œæ”¹è‰¯ã€‚
（2）ä¾æ®æ¢¨å›åœŸå£¤è‚¥åŠ›æ¡ä»¶å’Œæ¢¨æ ‘生长状况，适当å‡å°‘氮磷肥用é‡ï¼Œå¢žåŠ 钾肥施用，通过å¶é¢å–·æ–½è¡¥å……é’™ã€é•ã€é“ã€é”Œã€ç¡¼ç‰ä¸å¾®é‡å…ƒç´ 。
(1) Irrigation winter wheat area in the North China Plain. Including Shandong Province and Tianjin City, central and southern Hebei Province, south central Beijing, north central Henan Province, Shaanxi Province Guanzhong Plain, southern Shanxi Province.
Fertilization principle
(1) Due to the good bottom of wheat planting last year, there is more rain after sowing, and the wheat seedlings are good. The temperature has been high since winter, and some fields are planted early, the amount of sowing is large, and the amount of fertilization is high. February In most areas in the second half of the year, low temperature hazards are encountered. Therefore, according to the growth of seedlings and the occurrence of frost damage in winter and spring, nitrogen fertilizer should be applied in different stages, and the proportion of application in the middle and late stages of jointing should be appropriately increased. According to the application rate of base (base) fertilizer, seedling condition, temperature and The soil fertility status scientifically determines the amount and time of topdressing; the in situ, the seedlings, and the topdressing.
(2) According to the soil moisture and water retention and fertilizer conservation capacity, the irrigation amount and time should be reasonably determined to achieve the integration of water and fertilizer management.
(3) Grasp the favorable opportunity for wheat to return to green, and take timely measures to promote the transformation of weak seedlings and increase the rate of ear formation; control the long field to prevent the late fall.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) Before returning to green, the total number of stems per acre is less than 450,000. The three types of wheat fields with lighter leaf color and poor growth should be managed in time for fertilizer and water, and spring topdressing can be carried out twice. For the first time in the greening period, 5~8 kg of urea was applied per acre with the watering; the second time was 5~10 kg of urea per acre with the watering at the jointing stage.
(2) Before returning to green, the total number of stems per acre is between 45,000 and 600,000, and the second group of wheat fields with a small population is 10 to 15 kilograms of urea per acre combined with watering in the wheat body.
(3) Before returning to green, the total number of stems per acre is between 60,000 and 800,000. A suitable group of wheat fields can be combined with watering for 12 to 15 kilograms per acre during jointing.
(4) Before returning to green, the total number of stems per acre is more than 800,000, the color of leaves is dark green, and there is a tendency to grow. The cultivating should be carried out during the regreening period, delaying the application of nitrogen fertilizer and reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, controlling the population and preventing lodging. It is late with greed. Generally, 8~10 kg of urea can be applied per acre in the late stage of jointing.
(5) Wheat that is subjected to freezing injury during winter or regreening period should be topdressed and watered according to the occurrence of frost damage. For severe frost damage, 5-10 kg of urea should be applied per acre and watering should be carried out to promote early tillering of wheat and increase tillering rate. Reduce the loss of frost damage.
(6) It is necessary to apply diammonium phosphate to the base fertilizer without applying phosphate fertilizer or phosphorus deficiency field. No or little application of potassium fertilizer is recommended to apply nitrogen and potassium compound fertilizer in the greening or jointing stage; combined with the control of sheath blight, one spray and three defenses, the fertilizer should be compensated for phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; there is no irrigation condition or no effective precipitation. Spraying urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the leaf surface in spring to play the role of fertilizer.
(7) Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer can be sprayed on the foliar surface of wheat during grain filling to prevent dry hot air and lodging, increase grouting intensity and increase grain weight.
(8) In the wheat field of sulfur-deficient area, if the base fertilizer is not applied with superphosphate, potassium sulfate or sulfur-based compound fertilizer, the ammonium sulfate should be applied in the first topdressing, and the amount of sulfur applied per mu is about 2 kg.
(9) Many farmers do not squat after rotary tillage, resulting in deep sowing of deep seedlings, low tillering, and weak seedlings. It is recommended to apply 10~15 kg of urea during the returning period.
(2) North China rain-fed winter wheat area. It includes the north of the Huaihe River in Jiangsu and Anhui provinces, and the southeastern part of Henan Province.
Fertilization principle
(1) It is necessary to combine the suppression of the soil with the ploughing and ploughing before the wheat is returned to the green, to maintain the soil moisture, to improve the ground temperature to promote the transformation of the seedlings, and to improve the drought resistance of the wheat.
(2) Wheat fertilization should be stratified several times, not only combined with meteorology, but also applied in small amounts before and after rainfall and snowfall. Do not expose the fertilizer to the air after fertilization.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) In the early spring, the soil is green or snow, and it is applied with chemical fertilizer or ditching strips. 5~7 kg of urea is applied per acre. After fertilization, the soil is covered. If the rain occurs in the middle and late stages, urea can be applied 5~8 per mu. kg. In the phosphate-deficient field, 7-10 kg of diammonium phosphate is used per mu, and the potassium-deficient plot is applied with 15-20 kg of nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer; after fertilization, it is covered.
(2) In order to prevent the late drought, the soil should be repressed at the appropriate time before the soil is thawed and returned to green, and the soil is removed, the soil is soiled, and the soil is protected. The suppression should be combined with the ploughing of the ploughing. Before the wheat is sealed, wheat or corn stalks are covered per acre to reduce the evaporation loss of soil moisture.
(3) If the number of stems is more than 800,000 years ago, the total number of stems is more than 800,000. Due to the excessive consumption of large nutrients in the wheat population, the spring wheat seedlings are yellow or the yellowing of the gaskets, and the topdressing can be carried out 2 to 3 times during the greening period. , 10 kg/time of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer per acre.
(4) The wheat population is too small during the wintering period (before the greening, the total number of stems per acre is less than 450,000, and the three types of wheat fields with lighter leaf color and poor growth) should be timely management of fertilizer and water, and return to the jointing period. 2~3 times of topdressing, followed by rainfall 5~8 kg/mu per mu.
(5) Combine with the control of sheath blight, one spray and three defenses to compensate for trace elements such as sulfur, zinc and boron, and spray urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate to play the role of fertilizer.
(3) Winter wheat area in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Including Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Shanghai, south of Henan, Anhui and Jiangsu provinces south of the Huaihe River.
Fertilization principle
(1) In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in the winter of last year, the temperature in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River was low. In many places in this spring, the temperature was low. It should be repressed or slashed before the wheat was returned to the green, and it would be protected against cold and frost and promote the transformation of the seedlings. Enhance the ability of wheat to resist drought and keep cold.
(2) According to the soil fertility, the application of base fertilizer, the seedling condition and the soil moisture, the amount of topdressing and irrigation is determined scientifically, and the soil is fertilized by seedlings.
(3) The combination of fertilizer and water management with drought and flood control and pest control. 2. Fertilization advice
(1) Pay close attention to the weather conditions and seedlings before the wheat returns to green, especially the rainfall. If the drought persists, the weather will pick up in the early spring, the soil evaporation will increase, and the wheat seedlings will have early water supply when there is a demand for soil moisture. Pay attention to the temperature change and master the irrigation amount and time.
(2) Comprehensive judgment based on winter frost damage and group situation. If there are more large-scale frozen deaths or serious shortages of the group, the irrigation should be combined as soon as possible, and the green fertilizer should be applied to promote the large-scale springs and ensure the number of panicles.
(3) The production level is below 300 kg/mu, and the urea level is 6~8 kg/mu combined with the irrigation period from the start-up period to the jointing stage; the yield level is 300-400 kg/mu, and the urea is added to the jointing stage to combine the irrigation with urea 8~11. Kg/mu and potassium chloride 1~3 kg/mu; production level 400~550 kg/mu, from the period of up to the jointing stage, combined with irrigation, topdressing urea 11~16 kg/mu and potassium chloride 3~5 kg/mu; The production level is 550 kg/mu or more. From the start-up period to the jointing stage, combined with irrigation, the urea is applied to 17~20 kg/mu and the potassium chloride is 3~5 kg/mu.
(4) In some areas where trace elements are scarce, it is recommended to combine the “one spray three preventions†and the control of pests and weeds (aphids and scab) to spray trace elements in wheat jointing, booting and filling stages. Fertilization; and in the wheat filling period, 150-200 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus 0.5 to 1 kg of urea and 50 kg of water for foliar application.
(4) Rain-fed and dry-growing winter wheat area in the northwest. Including northern Hebei Province, northern Beijing, southern Wulanchabu City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, most of Shanxi Province, northern Shaanxi Province, western Henan Province, northern Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, eastern Gansu Province.
Fertilization principle
(1) There was a big difference in precipitation before and after wheat planting in the past year. In this spring, the local precipitation and soil moisture should be used to suppress or slash before the wheat is greened, to promote mites, to promote the transformation of seedlings, and to enhance the ability of wheat to resist drought and cold. , cold, anti-freeze, anti-spring drought.
(2) In response to the situation of the seedlings, seize the opportunity, carry out the early spring topping and chemical regulation, and promote the combination of control to ensure stable production and increase production of dryland wheat.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) In order to prevent post-rain drought, dryland wheat should take effective water conservation measures in time to prevent and reduce the loss of soil moisture before the early spring wheat closure. Relieve or slash at the right time before the soil is thawed and returned to green, remove the filth, solidify the soil, and provide protection. For dry land that has been overwintered with winter water, it will be drawn early before thawing and returning to green, breaking the knot and eliminating cracks. Before the wheat is sealed, 200-300 kg of wheat or corn stalks per acre can be covered between rows to reduce the evaporation loss of soil moisture.
(2) In the field where the fertilizer is insufficiently invested, it is necessary to grasp the timing of the rain and timely carry out the wheat early spring topdressing. The nitrogen-deficient field uses 5-7 kg of urea per acre, and the phosphate-poor field uses 7-10 kg of diammonium phosphate per acre, and is applied to the soil by a fertilizer applicator (耧). Dry land with irrigation conditions, combined with spring irrigation, 6-8 kg of urea per acre of nitrogen-deficient fields, and 8-10 kg of diammonium phosphate per acre of phosphate-poor field.
(3) Before the sowing, the lyrical situation is good or the sowing is early, and the fertilization amount is high. In dry land without irrigation conditions, it is necessary to suppress the shovel and protect the raft as soon as possible. In the dry land where the winter water is poured, the water should be drawn early and the spring watering should be postponed until the late jointing stage.
(4) Fields that are planted late and have weak seedlings should be combined with Baoyu as early as possible to improve the ground temperature and promote the growth of weak seedlings.
(5) Northwestern irrigation wheat area. It is mainly based on spring wheat, including central Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, northern Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, central and western Gansu Province, eastern Qinghai Province and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.
Fertilization principle
(1) Determine the target yield according to soil fertility, reduce the input of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, supplement the potassium fertilizer, and supplement the micro-fertilizer in an appropriate amount.
(2) Adding organic fertilizer, the whole amount of straw will return to the field and fertilize the soil, and promote organic and inorganic cooperation.
(3) "N, P, K and K, early application of base fertilizer, skillful application of top dressing." Guarantee Miao Qi, Miao Quan. Appropriate topdressing, to prevent the wheat from overwhelming in the early stage, and later to reduce fertilizer and reduce production.
(4) Fertilization should be effectively combined with irrigation. Emphasis is placed on early application of base fertilizer, machine sowing fertilizer, top dressing before irrigation, and application of zinc and boron micro-fertilizers at the booting stage.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) Recommended 17-18-10 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula.
(2) The production level is 300~400 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 20~25 kg/mu. From the start-up period to the jointing stage, combined with irrigation and topdressing urea 10~15 kg/mu.
(3) The production level is 400~550 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 30~35 kg/mu. From the start-up period to the jointing stage, combined with irrigation and topdressing urea 15~20 kg/mu.
(4) The production level is 550 kg/mu or more, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 35~40 kg/mu. From the start-up period to the jointing stage, combined with irrigation, 15~20 kg/mu of urea.
(5) The production level is below 300 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 15~20 kg/mu. From the start-up period to the jointing stage, combined with irrigation and 5~10 kg/mu of urea.
Rice
(1) Single-season rice area in the northeast cold region. Including all of Heilongjiang Province and some counties in Hulunbeier City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.
1. Fertilization management principles
(1) According to the results of soil testing and formula fertilization, the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer is appropriately reduced, and the amount of potassium fertilizer is optimized.
(2) Reduce the amount and proportion of base fertilizer and nitrogen, increase the proportion of panicle fertilizer, and make the ratio of ear fertilizer to nitrogen at jointing stage reach about 30%.
(3) Early application of green fertilizer to promote early splitting, and return to green fertilizer within 3 days after transplanting. (4) Appropriately supplement the medium and trace elements according to the soil nutrient status.
(5) Calcium, magnesium and phosphate fertilizers should be applied to the acidic sites, and the alkaline fertilizers should be used less or without urea as top dressing. Ammonium sulfate can be used as top dressing.
(6) After the application of the base fertilizer, the rotary tillage is carried out to achieve full-layer fertilization; the water-saving irrigation technique is adopted, and the field is applied for about 3 days before fertilization, and the fertilization takes water with nitrogen; in the conditional areas, the lateral body fertilization and transplanting can be integrated.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) Recommended 13-19-13 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula.
(2) The production level is 450~550 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 18~23 kg/mu. The fertilizer is divided into 5~7 and 3 kg/mu respectively.
(3) The production level is 550 kg/mu or more, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 23~29 kg/mu. The fertilizer is applied to the fertilizer and the grain fertilizer is 7~8, 3~4 kg/mu, and the grain fertilizer is applied to the potassium chloride. ~3 kg / mu.
(4) The production level is below 450 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 14~18 kg/mu. The fertilizer is divided into 4~5 and 2~3 kg/mu respectively.
(2) Single-season rice area in Jidong, Northeast China. It includes all of Jilin and Liaoning provinces, as well as some counties of Chifeng, Tongliao and Xing'an League in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.
Fertilization principle
(1) Determine the amount of reasonable fertilizer in the plot according to the results of soil testing and fertilization.
(2) Control the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer, rationally allocate the period of nitrogen fertilizer application, and appropriately increase the proportion of panicle fertilizer.
(3) Rational application of phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, and appropriate supplementation of medium and trace element fertilizers. (4) Increase the amount of organic fertilizer applied. 2. Fertilization advice
(1) Recommended 15-16-14 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula.
(2) The production level is 500~600 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 24~28 kg/mu. The fertilizer is divided into 8~9 and 4~5 kg/mu respectively.
(3) The production level is 600 kg/mu or more, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 28~33 kg/mu. The fertilizer is applied to the fertilizer and the grain fertilizer is 9~11, 5 kg/mu, and the grain fertilizer is applied to the potassium chloride 1~3. Kg/mu.
(4) The production level is below 500 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 19~24 kg/mu. The fertilizer is divided into 6~8 and 3~4 kg/mu respectively. Zinc-deficient or cold-impregnated field-based zinc sulphate 1~2 kg/mu, silicon fertilizer 15~20 kg/mu.
(3) Single-season rice area on the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Including the eastern part of Sichuan Province, all of Chongqing, southwestern Shaanxi, some counties in northern Guizhou, and western Hubei.
Fertilization principle
(1) Add organic fertilizer and promote the combination of organic and inorganic.
(2) Adjust the ratio of base fertilizer to top dressing, and appropriately reduce the amount of base fertilizer nitrogen fertilizer. (3) Deep application of base fertilizer, topdressing "with water with nitrogen".
(4) Appropriately reduce the amount of phosphorus fertilizer in rice in the oil rice field.
(5) Select medium and low concentration phosphate fertilizers, such as calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and calcium, etc.; potassium fertilizer to choose potassium chloride.
(6) In a field with a soil pH of 5.5 or less, a silicon-containing alkaline fertilizer or a base applied lime is suitably applied.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) The production level is below 450 kg/mu, the nitrogen fertilizer (N) dosage is 6~8 kg/mu; the production level is 450~550 kg/mu, the nitrogen fertilizer (N) dosage is 8~10 kg/mu; the production level is 550~650 kg. /mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) dosage 10~12 kg/mu; production level 650 kg/mu or more, nitrogen fertilizer (N) dosage 12~14 kg/mu. Phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 5~7 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 4~6 kg/mu.
(2) Nitrogen fertilizer base fertilizer accounts for 50%~60%, manure fertilizer accounts for 20%~30%, panicle fertilizer accounts for 20%~30%; organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer all base application; potassium fertilizer base fertilizer (60%~70%) and Spike fertilizer (30%~40%) was applied twice.
(3) In the zinc-deficient and boron-deficient areas, the appropriate amount of zinc fertilizer and boron fertilizer should be applied; in the soil with strong acidity, the application of siliceous alkaline fertilizer or quicklime should be 30~50 kg per mu.
(4) Single and double-season rice areas in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. It includes the central and eastern parts of Hubei Province, the northeastern part of Hunan Province, the northern part of Jiangxi Province, and all of Anhui Province.
Fertilization principle
(1) Appropriately reduce the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer and increase the proportion of panicle fertilizer. (2) Deep application of base fertilizer, topdressing "with water with nitrogen".
(3) Phosphate fertilizer is preferred for calcium or calcium magnesium phosphate, and potassium for potassium. (4) Add organic fertilizer and promote straw returning. 2. Fertilization advice
(1) The production level is below 350 kg/mu, the nitrogen fertilizer (N) dosage is 6~7 kg/mu; the production level is 350~450 kg/mu, the nitrogen fertilizer (N) dosage is 7~8 kg/mu; the production level is 450~550 kg. /mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) dosage 8~10 kg/mu; production level 550 kg/mu or more, nitrogen fertilizer (N) dosage 10~12 kg/mu. Phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 4~7 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 4~8 kg/mu.
(2) 50%~60% of nitrogen fertilizer as base fertilizer, 20%~25% as manure, 10%~15% as panicle fertilizer; phosphate fertilizer as all base fertilizer; 50%~60% of potash fertilizer as base fertilizer, 40%~50% as Spike fertilizer; in the zinc-deficient area, the appropriate amount of zinc fertilizer; appropriate base application of silicon fertilizer.
(3) The amount of base fertilizer can be appropriately reduced by applying organic fertilizer or planting green manure. In the land where straw is returned to the field, the amount of potassium fertilizer can be reduced by about 30%.
(5) Single-season rice areas in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Including all of Jiangsu, northern Zhejiang. Fertilization principle
(1) Add organic fertilizer and combine organic and inorganic.
(2) Control the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer, adjust the proportion of base fertilizer and top dressing, and appropriately reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer used in base fertilizer.
(3) Deep application of base fertilizer, topdressing "with water with nitrogen".
(4) Oil (wheat) rice round for field, appropriate reduction of rice phosphate fertilizer. Potassium fertilizer is selected for potassium.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) The production level is below 500 kg/mu, the nitrogen fertilizer (N) dosage is 8~10 kg/mu; the production level is 500-600 kg/mu, the nitrogen fertilizer (N) dosage is 10~12 kg/mu; the production level is 600 kg/mu. Above, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer (N) is 12~15 kg/mu. Phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 5~6 kg/mu; potash fertilizer (K2O) 6~8 kg/mu.
(2) Nitrogen fertilizer base fertilizer accounts for about 50%, manure fertilizer accounts for 20%~30%, panicle fertilizer accounts for 20%~30%; organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer all base application; potassium fertilizer base fertilizer (60%~70%) and panicle fertilizer (30%~40%) applied twice. The zinc-deficient soil is applied with 1 kg of zinc sulfate per acre; suitable base is applied with silicon fertilizer.
(3) The amount of base fertilizer can be appropriately reduced by applying organic fertilizer or planting green manure.
(6) Single and double-season rice areas in the hilly mountains of the south of the Yangtze River. Including the south-central part of Hunan Province, southeastern Jiangxi Province, southern Zhejiang Province, north central Fujian Province, northern Guangdong Province.
Fertilization principle
(1) Determine the target yield according to soil fertility, control the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer, balance application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and combine organic and inorganic.
(2) Deep application of base fertilizer, topdressing "with water with nitrogen".
(3) Phosphate fertilizer preferentially choose calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer or calcium.
(4) Appropriate application of soil amendments or based limes to acidic soils. 2. Fertilization advice
(1) Under the condition of about 500 kg per mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 10~13 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 3~4 kg/mu; potash fertilizer (K2O) 8~10 kg/mu.
(2) Nitrogen application in divided applications, base fertilizer accounts for 35%~50%, tiller fertilizer accounts for 25%~35%, panicle fertilizer accounts for 20%~25%, tiller fertilizer is appropriately postponed; all phosphate fertilizers are applied; potassium fertilizer is 50% as base fertilizer 50% as the ear fertilizer.
(3) It is recommended to return the straw to the field or increase the application of organic fertilizer. For the plots where the straw is returned to the field, the amount of potassium fertilizer can be reduced by 30%; for the field where organic fertilizer is applied, the amount of base fertilizer can be appropriately reduced.
(4) On the soil with strong acidity, 40~50 kg of siliceous alkaline fertilizer or quicklime should be applied per acre.
(7) Double-season early rice in the hills of the South China Plain. Including the southern part of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, southern Guangdong Province, Hainan Province, southeast of Fujian Province.
Fertilization principle
(1) Control the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer, adjust the base and the proportion of chasing, reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the early stage, and implement the shift of nitrogen fertilizer.
(2) Deep application of base fertilizer, topdressing "with water with nitrogen".
(3) Phosphate fertilizer preferentially choose calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer or calcium.
(4) In a field with a soil pH of 5.5 or less, a silicon-containing alkaline fertilizer or a base applied lime is suitably applied.
(5) Supplementation of trace element zinc fertilizer in zinc-deficient fields, submerged rice fields and low-temperature and widowed areas.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) Recommended 18-12-16 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula.
(2) The yield per mu is 350~450 kg, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 26~33 kg/mu, the base fertilizer is 13~20 kg/mu, and the split fertilizer and panicle fertilizer are applied respectively for 5~8 kg/mu, 3~5 kg/ mu.
(3) The yield per mu is 450~550 kg, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 33~41 kg/mu, the base fertilizer is 17~24 kg/mu, and the split fertilizer and panicle fertilizer are applied respectively 7~10 kg/mu, 4~7 kg/ mu.
(4) The yield per mu is more than 550 kg, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 41~48 kg/mu, the base fertilizer is 22~29 kg/mu, and the split fertilizer and panicle fertilizer are applied respectively for 8~11 kg/mu, 5~8 kg/mu. .
(5) The yield per mu is below 350 kg, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 20~25 kg/mu, the base fertilizer is 11~14 kg/mu, and the split fertilizer and panicle fertilizer are respectively applied 4~6 kg/mu, 3~5 kg/mu .
(8) Single-season rice area in the southwest plateau mountains. Including all of Yunnan Province, southwest of Sichuan Province, most of Guizhou Province, western Hunan Province, northern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.
Fertilization principle
(1) Add organic fertilizer, implement straw returning, and combine organic and inorganic.
(2) Adjust the ratio of base fertilizer to top dressing and reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer used in the previous period.
(3) In the case of phosphorus-deficient soil, phosphate fertilizer should be added appropriately; it is best to choose calcium, magnesium and phosphorus fertilizers. (4) Rice fields with low potassium supply capacity, pay attention to potassium supplementation in the late growth stage of rice.
(5) In a field with a soil pH of 5.5 or less, an alkaline soil conditioner containing silicon calcium or a base applied lime is suitably applied.
(6) Fertilizer application combined with high-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques. 2. Fertilization advice
(1) Recommended 17-13-15 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula.
(2) The production level is 400~500 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 26~33 kg/mu. The fertilizer is divided into 6~7, 4~5 kg/mu.
(3) The production level is 500~600 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 33~39 kg/mu. The fertilizer is divided into 5~8, 5~6 kg/mu, and the grain fertilizer is applied to the potassium chloride. 1~2 kg/mu.
(4) The production level is 600 kg/mu or more, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 39~46 kg/mu. The fertilizer is applied to the fertilizer and the grain fertilizer is 8~10, 6~7 kg/mu, and the grain fertilizer is applied to the potassium chloride. ~4 kg / mu.
(5) The production level is below 400 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 20~26 kg/mu. The fertilizer is divided into 4~6, 3~4 kg/mu.
(6) In the zinc-deficient area, apply 1~2 kg of zinc sulfate per acre; apply 30-50 kg of siliceous alkaline fertilizer or quicklime per acre of the soil with low soil pH.
Spring corn
(1) The cold spring corn area in the northeast. Most of Heilongjiang and the eastern part of Jilin Province. Fertilization principle
(1) According to the soil fertilization results, determine the reasonable amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. (2) Nitrogen application in divided applications, and high-yield fields should increase the proportion of potassium fertilizer application.
(3) According to the climate and soil fertility conditions, the combination of agricultural machinery and agronomy, combined application of seed fertilizer and base fertilizer.
(4) Add organic fertilizer, promote the cooperation of organic and inorganic fertilizers, and return the straw to the field.
(5) Pay attention to the application of trace elements in sulfur and zinc, and acidify the soil to increase the application of alkaline fertilizer.
(6) It is recommended to intercropping or interplanting corn and soybeans, while reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer applied and adding organic fertilizer and biological fertilizer.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) Recommended 14-18-13 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula.
(2) The production level is 500~600 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 23~28 kg/mu, and the seven-leaf stage is followed by urea 11~13 kg/mu.
(3) The production level is 600~700 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 28~32 kg/mu, and the urea in the seven-leaf stage is 13~16 kg/mu.
(4) The production level is above 700 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 32~37 kg/mu, and the application of urea in the seven-leaf stage is 16~18 kg/mu.
(5) The production level is below 500 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 18~23 kg/mu, and the application rate of urea in the seven-leaf stage is 9~11 kg/mu.
(2) The semi-humid spring corn area in the northeast. The southwest of Heilongjiang Province, the central part of Jilin Province and the northern part of Liaoning Province.
Fertilization principle
(1) Control the application amount of NPK fertilizer, apply nitrogen fertilizer in different times, appropriately reduce the amount of base fertilizer, and make full use of the effect of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.
(2) For the one-time fertilization plot, choose slow-release fertilizer, and appropriately increase the application of diammonium phosphate as seed fertilizer.
(3) Plots with high effective potassium content and low yield levels may be applied with or without potassium fertilizer when organic fertilizer is applied.
(4) The soil with high soil pH, high yield level and zinc deficiency should pay attention to the application of zinc fertilizer. The long-term application of chlorine-based compound fertilizer should be changed to sulfur-based compound fertilizer.
(5) Increase the amount of organic fertilizer and increase the strength of straw returning to the field.
(6) Promote the application of high-yield and high-dense varieties, appropriately increase the planting density of corn, increase the yield of corn, and give full play to the effect of fertilizer.
(7) Deep pine breaks the bottom layer of the plow, promotes root development, and improves water and fertilizer use efficiency.
(8) When the mulching film covers the planting area, it may be considered to use slow-release fertilizers when applying the bottom (base) fertilizer to reduce the number of top dressings.
(9) The lower limit of the recommended amount of fertilization scheme for medium and high fertility soil. 2. Base chasing combined fertilization advice
(1) Recommended 15-18-12 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula.
(2) The production level is 550~700 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 24~31 kg/mu, and the large flare period is followed by urea 13~16 kg/mu.
(3) The production level is 700~800 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 31~35 kg/mu, and the large flare period is about 16~18 kg/mu.
(4) The production level is above 800 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 35~40 kg/mu, and the large flare period is about 18~21 kg/mu.
(5) The production level is below 550 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 20~24 kg/mu, and the large flare period is about 10~13 kg/mu.
3. One-time fertilization advice
(1) Recommended 29-13-10 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula.
(2) The production level is 550~700 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 33~41 kg/mu, which is used as a base fertilizer or seedling stage top dressing.
(3) The production level is 700~800 kg/mu, and 30% release period is required for 50~60 days of slow-release nitrogen release. The recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 41~47 kg/mu, which is used as a base fertilizer or seedling stage top dressing. .
(4) The production level of 800 kg/mu or more requires a 30% release period of 50-60 days of slow-release nitrogen release, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 47-53 kg/mu, which is used as a base fertilizer or seedling stage top dressing.
(5) The production level is below 550 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 27~33 kg/mu, which is used as a base fertilizer or seedling stage top dressing.
(3) Semi-arid spring maize area in Northeast China. Including the western part of Jilin Province, the northeastern part of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and the southwestern part of Heilongjiang Province.
Fertilization principle
(1) Using organic-inorganic fertilizer combined with fertilization technology, the aeolian sandy soil can be covered with straw and no-tillage fertilization technology.
(2) Deep application of nitrogen fertilizer, the depth of fertilization should reach 8~10 cm; the fertilization should be applied in several stages, and the nitrogen fertilizer should be applied in the big horn period.
(3) Give full play to the coupling of water and fertilizer, use the synchronous law of maximum efficiency of corn for water and fertilizer demand, and apply nitrogen fertilizer combined with irrigation.
(4) Master the principle of balanced fertilization, coordinate the supply of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and pay attention to the use of zinc fertilizer in zinc-deficient plots.
(5) According to the soil characteristics of the region, physiological acid fertilizer should be used, and monoammonium phosphate should be used as the seed fertilizer.
(6) The lower limit of the recommended amount of fertilization scheme for medium and high fertility soil. 2. Fertilization advice
(1) Recommended 13-20-12 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula.
(2) The production level is 450~600 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 25~33 kg/mu, and the large flare period is 10~14 kg/mu.
(3) The production level is above 600 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 33~38 kg/mu, and the large flare period is about 14~16 kg/mu.
(4) The production level is below 450 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 19~25 kg/mu, and the large flare period is about 8~10 kg/mu.
(4) Warm and humid spring corn area in the northeast. Including the majority of Liaoning Province and the northeastern part of Hebei Province.
Fertilization principle
(1) According to the soil fertilization results, determine the reasonable amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. (2) Nitrogen fertilizers should be applied in batches, and disposable fertilization should not be used as much as possible. The proportion and frequency of potash application should be increased in high-yield fields.
(3) Increase the intensity of straw returning to the field, increase the application of organic fertilizer, and increase the soil organic matter content.
(4) Emphasis on the application of trace elements in sulfur, zinc and the like.
(5) Fertilizer application must be combined with high-yield cultivation techniques such as deep pine and densification. (6) The medium and high fertility soil adopts the lower limit of the recommended amount of fertilization scheme. 2. Fertilization advice
(1) Recommended 17-17-12 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula.
(2) The production level is 500~600 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 24~29 kg/mu, and the large flare period is about 14~16 kg/mu.
(3) The production level is 600~700 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 29~34 kg/mu, and the large flare period is about 16~19 kg/mu.
(4) The production level is above 700 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 34~39 kg/mu, and the urea is applied at 19~22 kg/mu.
(5) The production level is below 500 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 20~24 kg/mu, and the large flare period is about 11~14 kg/mu.
(5) The northwest rainfed and drought-producing spring maize area. Including northern Hebei Province, northern Beijing, southern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, most of Shanxi Province, northern Shaanxi Province, northern Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and eastern Gansu Province.
Fertilization principle
(1) Organic and inorganic combination, it is better to use organic fertilizer with high maturity and water content. (2) Carry out the principle of deep application of fertilizer, the depth of fertilization is 10~20 cm, and the fertilizer should be applied to the surface before sowing.
(3) Master the principle of balanced fertilization, and pay attention to the use of zinc fertilizer in zinc-deficient plots.
(4) Fertilize according to the fertilization characteristics of spring corn, and advocate the application of nitrogen fertilizer during the big horn period. 2. Base chasing combined fertilization advice
(1) Recommended 15-20-10 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula.
(2) The production level is 450~600 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 30~35 kg/mu, and the large flare period is about 12~16 kg/mu.
(3) The production level is 600~700 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 35~40 kg/mu, and the large flare period is about 16~19 kg/mu.
(4) The production level is above 700 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 40~45 kg/mu, and the urea is applied at 19~22 kg/mu.
(5) The production level is below 450 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 20~25 kg/mu, and the large flare period is about 10~12 kg/mu.
3. One-time fertilization advice
(1) Recommended 26-13-6 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula.
(2) The production level is 450~600 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 45~50 kg/mu, which is used as a base fertilizer or seedling stage top dressing.
(3) The production level is 600~700 kg/mu, and there can be 20%~40% release-release nitrogen fertilizer with 50~60 days release period. The recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 50~55 kg/mu, which is used as base fertilizer or seedling stage. Sexual administration.
(4) The production level is above 700 kg/mu, and there may be 20%~40% release period of 50~60 days of controlled release nitrogen. The recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 55~60 kg/mu, which is used as base fertilizer or seedling stage. Sexual administration.
(5) The production level is below 450 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 30~40 kg/mu, which is used as a base fertilizer or seedling stage top dressing.
(6) Irrigation spring corn area in the north. The eastern and central parts of Inner Mongolia, the northern part of Shaanxi Province, the northern part of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and the eastern part of Gansu Province.
Fertilization principle
(1) Organic and inorganic bonding.
(2) Deep application of fertilizer, the depth of fertilization should reach 10~20 cm, and the fertilizer should be applied to the surface before sowing.
(3) The proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is coordinated, and the zinc-deficient land should pay attention to the use of zinc fertilizer.
(4) According to the fertilization characteristics of corn, fertilization, fertilization, and promotion of nitrogen fertilizer during the big horn period.
(5) Give full play to the coupling of water and fertilizer, use the synchronous law of the maximum efficiency of corn and water demand, and apply nitrogen fertilizer combined with irrigation.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) Recommended 13-22-10 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula.
(2) The production level is 500~650 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 30~40 kg/mu, and the large flare period is about 15~17 kg/mu.
(3) The production level is 650~800 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 40~45 kg/mu, and the large flare period is about 17~20 kg/mu.
(4) The production level is above 800 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 45~50 kg/mu, and the urea is 20~25 kg/mu during the big bell period.
(5) The production level is below 500 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 25~30 kg/mu, and the large flare period is about 13~15 kg/mu.
(7) Northwestern Oasis Irrigation Spring Corn Area. Including the central and western regions of Gansu Province and the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.
Fertilization principle
(1) The base fertilizer is the main, the topdressing supplement is the supplement; the farmhouse fertilizer is the main, the chemical fertilizer is the supplement; the nitrogen fertilizer is the main, the phosphate fertilizer is the supplement; the ear fertilizer is the main, and the grain fertilizer is the supplement.
(2) Implement soil testing and formula fertilization, and appropriately reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer.
(3) According to the soil potassium condition, the potassium fertilizer is applied efficiently; attention is paid to the combination of trace elements such as zinc.
(4) Promote the return of straw to the field and fertilize the soil.
(5) When the moisture is poor after fertilization, timely irrigation; advocate the integrated fertilization technology of water and fertilizer under drip irrigation.
(6) Advocate the sub-application of nitrogen fertilizer, and appropriately increase the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer. (7) Appropriately increase the planting density, construct a reasonable group, and improve the fertilizer effect. 2. Fertilization advice
(1) Recommended 17-23-6 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula.
(2) The production level is 550~700 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 25~35 kg/mu, and the large flare period is about 10~15 kg/mu.
(3) The production level is 700~800 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 35~40 kg/mu, and the large flare period is about 15~20 kg/mu.
(4) The production level is above 800 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 40~45 kg/mu, and the large flare period is 20~25 kg/mu.
(5) The production level is below 550 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 20~25 kg/mu, and the urea is applied to 10~15 kg/mu.
potato
(1) North potato one area, including Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Ningxia, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Qinghai, and Xinjiang.
Fertilization principle
(1) According to the soil test results and target yield, determine the reasonable amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. (2) Reduce the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer base, appropriately increase the number of nitrogen fertilizer application, and strengthen the supply of nitrogen fertilizer during tuber formation and tuber expansion.
(3) According to the content of trace element nutrients in the soil, the trace element fertilizer is sprayed in the appropriate amount of flour in the growing season of the potato.
(4) Add organic fertilizer and promote the application of organic and inorganic fertilizers.
(5) Fertilizer application should be combined with pest control techniques, especially the prevention and treatment of diseases.
(6) Implement water and fertilizer integration as much as possible. 2. Fertilization advice
(1) It is recommended that 11-18-16 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula be used as seed fertilizer, and urea and potassium sulfate (or nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer) as top dressing;
(2) The production level is more than 3000 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer (fertilizer) is 60 kg/mu, and the application period of the seedling stage to the tuber expansion period is 18-20 kg/mu, and the potassium sulfate is 12-15 kg/mu. ;
(3) The production level is 2000-3000 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer (fertilizer) is 50 kg/mu, and the application period of the seedling stage to the tuber expansion period is 15-18 kg/mu, and the potassium sulfate is 8-12 kg/ mu;
(4) The production level is 1000-2000 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer (fertilizer) is 40 kg/mu, and the urea is 10-15 kg/mu during the seedling stage to the tuber expansion period, and the potassium sulfate is 5-8 kg/mu;
(5) The production level is below 1000 kg/mu, and it is recommended to apply 19-10-16 or similar formula fertilizer 35-40 kg/mu.
(2) Southern Spring is a potato area, including Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Sichuan, and Chongqing.
Fertilization principle
(1) According to the soil test results and target yield, determine the reasonable amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; optimize the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer according to soil fertility conditions.
(2) Add organic fertilizer, promote the application of organic and inorganic; avoid using organic fertilizer that is not fully decomposed.
（3）ä¾æ®åœŸå£¤é’¾ç´ 状况，适当增施钾肥。
（4）肥料分é…上以基ã€è¿½ç»“åˆä¸ºä¸»ï¼Œè¿½è‚¥ä»¥æ°®é’¾è‚¥ä¸ºä¸»ã€‚
（5）ä¾æ®åœŸå£¤ä¸å¾®é‡å…ƒç´ 养分å«é‡çŠ¶å†µï¼Œåœ¨é©¬é“ƒè–¯æ—ºç››ç”Ÿé•¿æœŸå¶é¢é€‚é‡å–·æ–½ä¸å¾®é‡å…ƒç´ 肥料。
（6ï¼‰è‚¥æ–™æ–½ç”¨åº”ä¸Žé«˜äº§ä¼˜è´¨æ ½åŸ¹æŠ€æœ¯ç›¸ç»“åˆï¼Œå°¤å…¶éœ€è¦æ³¨æ„病害防治。
2.施肥建议
（1）推è13-15-17（N-P2O5-K2O）或相近é…æ–¹ä½œåŸºè‚¥ï¼Œå°¿ç´ ä¸Žç¡«é…¸é’¾ï¼ˆæˆ–æ°®é’¾å¤åˆè‚¥ï¼‰ä½œè¿½è‚¥ï¼›ä¹Ÿå¯é€‰æ‹©15-10-20或相近é…æ–¹åšè¿½è‚¥ã€‚
（2）产é‡æ°´å¹³3000公斤/亩以上：é…方肥（基肥）推è用é‡60公斤/亩；苗期到å—èŒŽè†¨å¤§æœŸåˆ†æ¬¡è¿½æ–½å°¿ç´ 10～15公斤/亩，硫酸钾10～15公斤/亩，或追施é…方肥（追肥é…方，15-10-20）20～25公斤/亩。
（3）产é‡æ°´å¹³2000～3000公斤/亩：é…方肥（基肥）推è用é‡50公斤/亩；苗期到å—èŒŽè†¨å¤§æœŸåˆ†æ¬¡è¿½æ–½å°¿ç´ 5～10公斤/亩，硫酸钾8～12公斤/亩，或追施é…方肥（追肥é…方，15-10-20）15～20公斤/亩。
（4）产é‡æ°´å¹³1500～2000公斤/亩：é…方肥（基肥）推è用é‡40公斤/亩；苗期到å—èŒŽè†¨å¤§æœŸåˆ†æ¬¡è¿½æ–½å°¿ç´ 5～10公斤/亩，硫酸钾5～10公斤/亩，或追施é…方肥（追肥é…方，15-10-20）10～15公斤/亩。
（5）产é‡æ°´å¹³1500公斤/亩以下：建议施用é…方肥（基肥）推è用é‡40公斤/亩；苗期到å—èŒŽè†¨å¤§æœŸåˆ†æ¬¡è¿½æ–½å°¿ç´ 3～5公斤/亩，硫酸钾4～5公斤/亩，或追施é…方肥（追肥é…方，15-10-20）10公斤/亩。
（6）æ¯äº©æ–½ç”¨2～3方有机肥åšåŸºè‚¥ï¼›è‹¥åŸºè‚¥æ–½ç”¨äº†æœ‰æœºè‚¥ï¼Œå¯é…Œæƒ…å‡å°‘化肥用é‡ã€‚
（7）对于硼或锌缺ä¹çš„土壤，å¯åŸºæ–½ç¡¼ç ‚1公斤/亩或硫酸锌1～2公斤/亩。
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（一）长江æµåŸŸå†¬æ²¹èœåŒº1.施肥原则
（1）去年秋冬油èœç§æ¤åŽå¤§éƒ¨åˆ†åŒºåŸŸæ°”温较高ã€å¢’情较好，冬油èœç”Ÿè‚²æœŸæ™®é比往年ææ—©10天左å³ï¼Œç›®å‰é•¿æ±Ÿä¸Šæ¸¸å†¬æ²¹èœå·²è¿›å…¥åˆèŠ±æœŸã€é•¿æ±Ÿä¸‹æ¸¸å†¬æ²¹èœå¼€å§‹è¿›å…¥åˆèŠ±æœŸã€ä¸‰ç†Ÿåˆ¶å†¬æ²¹èœéƒ¨åˆ†è¿›å…¥ç››èŠ±æœŸï¼Œåº”æ ¹æ®ä¸åŒç§æ¤åŒºåŸŸåœŸå£¤å…»åˆ†çŠ¶å†µã€å½“å‰è‹—情åŠç›®æ ‡äº§é‡æ°´å¹³åˆ†ç±»æŒ‡å¯¼ï¼Œç§‘å¦æ–½è‚¥ã€‚
（2）在目å‰æ²¹èœå·²ç»å°è¡Œçš„情况下，追肥时注æ„以水带肥。
（3ï¼‰åŠ å¼ºç”°é—´ç®¡ç†ï¼ŒåŠæ—¶æ¸…沟防春å£æ¶æ¸ï¼Œæ高养分利用\效率。
2.施肥建议
（1）在基肥用é‡ä¸è¶³åŠåº”施冬å£è…Šè‚¥è€Œæœªæ–½çš„地å—，尤其是对长势较弱的直æ’æ²¹èœï¼ŒåŠæ—©å¢žæ–½é€Ÿæ•ˆè‚¥æ–™ï¼Œä»¥æ°®è‚¥ä¸ºä¸»ï¼Œå¯é€‚当施用水溶性å¤åˆè‚¥ï¼Œæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）用é‡2~3公斤/亩，磷肥（P2O5）用é‡0.5~1公斤/亩，钾肥（K2O）用é‡1~2公斤/亩。
（2）对于冬å£é•¿åŠ¿è¾ƒæ—ºä½†ç›®å‰æœ‰è„±è‚¥çŽ°è±¡çš„地å—，åŠæ—©è¿½æ–½æ°®è‚¥ï¼Œæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）用é‡2~3公斤/亩，如果有缺磷现象追施磷肥（P2O5）用é‡1~2公斤/亩，ä»å¯å½¢æˆé«˜äº§ã€‚
（3）ä¾æ®åœŸå£¤æœ‰æ•ˆç¡¼çŠ¶å†µï¼Œè¡¥å……硼肥，注æ„使用åˆæ ¼ç¡¼è‚¥ï¼Œå¯ä¸Žé˜²æ²»èŒæ ¸ç—…结åˆä¸€èµ·è¿›è¡Œè‚¥è¯å–·æ–½ï¼Œä¸€èˆ¬å¶é¢å–·æ–½ç¡¼ç ‚0.2公斤/亩。
（4）磷钾肥用é‡ä¸è¶³çš„地å—，在结èšæœŸå–·æ–½ç£·é…¸äºŒæ°¢é’¾ï¼Œä¸€èˆ¬å¶é¢å–·æ–½ç£·é…¸äºŒæ°¢é’¾0.3~0.5公斤/亩，å¯æœ‰æ•ˆé˜²æ¢æ²¹èœæ—©è¡°ã€‚
（二）北方春油èœåŒº1.施肥原则
（1ï¼‰æ ¹æ®åŒºåŸŸæ€§åœŸå£¤å…»åˆ†çŠ¶å†µï¼Œå……分利用测土é…方施肥技术æˆæžœï¼Œç§‘å¦æ–½è‚¥ã€‚有æ¡ä»¶çš„区域æ倡施用春油èœä¸“用é…方肥。
（2）氮肥分次施用，防æ¢ç”Ÿé•¿åŽæœŸè„±è‚¥ã€‚（3）基肥施于土下6~8厘米处。（4）补施硼肥ã€é”Œè‚¥å’Œç¡«è‚¥ã€‚
（5）增施有机肥，利用油èœæ”¶èŽ·åŽçš„æ°´çƒèµ„æºç§æ¤ç»¿è‚¥ã€‚（6）æ高æ’ç§è´¨é‡ï¼Œé€‚当æ高ç§æ¤å¯†åº¦ã€‚
（7）åšå¥½åœŸå£¤é›†å¢’ã€ä¿å¢’工作，利用水肥ååŒä½œç”¨ï¼Œæ高养分利用效率，促进油èœç”Ÿé•¿ã€‚
2.施肥建议
（1）产é‡æ°´å¹³100公斤/亩以下：氮肥（N）用é‡6公斤/亩；磷肥（P2O5）3公斤/亩；钾肥（K2O）2公斤/亩；硫酸锌0.5公斤/äº©ï¼›ç¡¼ç ‚0.5公斤/亩。
（2）产é‡æ°´å¹³100~150公斤/亩：氮肥（N）6~8公斤/亩；磷肥（P2O5）4公斤/亩；钾肥（K2O）2.5公斤/亩；硫酸锌1公斤/äº©ï¼›ç¡¼ç ‚0.5公斤/亩。
（3）产é‡æ°´å¹³150~200公斤/亩以上：氮肥（N）8~9公斤/亩；磷肥（P2O5）5公斤/亩；钾肥（K2O）2.5公斤/亩；硫酸锌1.5公斤/äº©ï¼›ç¡¼ç ‚0.75公斤/亩。
（4）产é‡æ°´å¹³200公斤/亩以上：氮肥（N）9~11公斤/亩；磷肥（P2O5）5~6公斤/亩；钾肥（K2O）3.0公斤/亩；硫酸锌1.5公斤/äº©ï¼›ç¡¼ç ‚1.0公斤/亩。
东北大豆
1.施肥原则
（1ï¼‰æ ¹æ®æµ‹åœŸç»“果，控制氮肥用é‡ã€é€‚当å‡å°‘磷肥施用比例，对于高产大豆，å¯é€‚å½“å¢žåŠ é’¾è‚¥æ–½è‚¥é‡ï¼Œå¹¶æå€¡æ–½ç”¨æ ¹ç˜¤èŒã€‚
（2）在å酸性土壤上，建议选择生ç†ç¢±æ€§è‚¥æ–™æˆ–生ç†ä¸æ€§è‚¥æ–™ï¼Œç£·è‚¥é€‰æ‹©é’™é•ç£·è‚¥ï¼Œé’™è‚¥é€‰æ‹©çŸ³ç°ã€‚
（3）æ倡侧深施肥，施肥ä½ç½®åœ¨ç§å侧é¢5~7厘米，ç§å下é¢5~8厘米；如åšä¸åˆ°ä¾§æ·±æ–½è‚¥å¯é‡‡ç”¨åˆ†å±‚施肥，施肥深度在ç§å下é¢3~4厘米å 1/3，6~8厘米å 2/3；难以åšåˆ°åˆ†å±‚施肥时，在北部高寒有机质å«é‡é«˜çš„地å—采å–侧施肥，其它地区采å–深施肥，尤其磷肥è¦é›†ä¸æ·±æ–½åˆ°ç§ä¸‹10厘米。
（4）补施硼肥和钼肥，在缺ä¹ç—‡çŠ¶è¾ƒè½»åœ°åŒºï¼Œé’¼è‚¥å¯é‡‡å–æ‹Œç§çš„æ–¹å¼ï¼Œæœ€å¥½å’Œæ ¹ç˜¤èŒå‰‚æ··åˆæ‹Œç§ï¼Œæ高接瘤效率。
（5）在“镰刀弯â€ç§æ¤åŒºåŸŸå’ŒçŽ‰ç±³æ”¹ç§å¤§è±†åŒºåŸŸï¼Œè¦å¤§å¹…å‡å°‘氮肥施用é‡ã€æŽ§åˆ¶ç£·è‚¥ç”¨é‡ï¼Œå¢žæ–½æœ‰æœºè‚¥ã€ä¸å¾®é‡å…ƒç´ å’Œæ ¹ç˜¤èŒè‚¥ã€‚
2.施肥建议
（1）ä¾æ®å¤§è±†å…»åˆ†éœ€æ±‚，氮磷钾（N-P2O5-K2O）施用比例在高肥力土壤为1：1.2：0.3~0.5；在低肥力土壤å¯é€‚å½“å¢žåŠ æ°®é’¾ç”¨é‡ï¼Œæ°®ç£·é’¾æ–½ç”¨æ¯”例为1：1：0.3~0.7。
（2ï¼‰ç›®æ ‡äº§é‡130~150公斤/亩，氮肥（N）2~3公斤/亩ã€ç£·è‚¥ï¼ˆP2O5）2~3公斤/亩ã€é’¾è‚¥ï¼ˆK2O）1~2公斤/亩。
（3ï¼‰ç›®æ ‡äº§é‡150~175公斤/亩，氮肥（N）3~4公斤/亩ã€ç£·è‚¥ï¼ˆP2O5）3~4公斤/亩ã€é’¾è‚¥ï¼ˆK2O）2~3公斤/亩。
（4ï¼‰ç›®æ ‡äº§é‡å¤§äºŽ175公斤/亩，氮肥（N）3~4公斤/亩ã€ç£·è‚¥ï¼ˆP2O5）4~5公斤/亩ã€é’¾è‚¥ï¼ˆK2O）2~3公斤/亩。在低肥力土壤å¯é€‚å½“å¢žåŠ æ°®é’¾ç”¨é‡ï¼Œæ°®ç£·é’¾æ–½ç”¨é‡ï¼šæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）4~5公斤/亩ã€ç£·è‚¥ï¼ˆP2O5）5~6公斤/亩ã€é’¾è‚¥ï¼ˆK2O）2~3公斤/亩。
（5）高产区或土壤钼ã€ç¡¼ç¼ºä¹åŒºåŸŸï¼Œåº”补施硼肥和钼肥；在缺ä¹ç—‡çŠ¶è¾ƒè½»åœ°åŒºï¼Œå¯é‡‡å–微肥拌ç§çš„æ–¹å¼ã€‚æå€¡æ–½ç”¨å¤§è±†æ ¹ç˜¤èŒå‰‚。
棉花
（一）黄淮海棉区1.施肥原则
（1）增施有机肥，æå€¡æœ‰æœºæ— æœºé…åˆã€‚
（2）ä¾æ®åœŸå£¤è‚¥åŠ›æ¡ä»¶ï¼Œé€‚当调å‡æ°®ç£·åŒ–肥用é‡ï¼Œåˆç†æ–½ç”¨é’¾è‚¥ï¼Œæ³¨æ„硼和锌的é…åˆæ–½ç”¨ã€‚
（3ï¼‰æ°®è‚¥åˆ†æœŸæ–½ç”¨ï¼Œå¢žåŠ ç”Ÿè‚²ä¸æœŸçš„氮肥施用比例，é™ä½ŽåŸºè‚¥æ¯”例。
（4）肥料施用应与çŒæº‰é˜²æ¶æŠ€æœ¯å’Œå…¶ä»–é«˜äº§ä¼˜è´¨æ ½åŸ¹æŠ€æœ¯ç›¸ç»“åˆã€‚
2.施肥建议
（1）亩产皮棉85~100公斤的æ¡ä»¶ä¸‹ï¼Œäº©æ–½ä¼˜è´¨æœ‰æœºè‚¥1~2å¨ï¼Œæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）12~15公斤，磷肥（P2O5）7~9公斤，钾肥（K2O）6~8公斤。对于硼ã€é”Œç¼ºä¹çš„棉田，注æ„补施硼ã€é”Œè‚¥ï¼Œç¡¼è‚¥ï¼ˆç¡¼ç ‚）ã€é”Œè‚¥ï¼ˆç¡«é…¸é”Œï¼‰ç”¨é‡æ¯äº©1~2公斤，硼肥å¶ç‰‡å–·æ–½äº©ç”¨é‡100~150克水溶性硼肥，在现蕾-开花期进行。
（2）氮肥25%~30%用作基肥，25%~30%用在åˆèŠ±æœŸï¼Œ25%~30%用在盛花期，10%~25%用作盖顶肥；15%磷肥åšç§è‚¥ï¼Œ85%磷肥作基肥；钾肥全部用作基肥或基追（åˆèŠ±æœŸï¼‰å„åŠã€‚从盛花期开始，对长势弱的棉田，结åˆæ–½è¯æ··å–·0.5%~1.0%å°¿ç´ å’Œ0.3%~0.5%磷酸二氢钾溶液50~75公斤/亩，æ¯éš”7~10天喷一次，连ç»å–·æ–½2~3次。
（二）长江ä¸ä¸‹æ¸¸æ£‰åŒº1.施肥原则
（1）增施有机肥，æå€¡æœ‰æœºæ— æœºç›¸ç»“åˆã€‚
（2）ä¾æ®åœŸå£¤è‚¥åŠ›çŠ¶å†µå’Œè‚¥æ•ˆå应，适当调å‡æ°®ç£·åŒ–肥用é‡ï¼Œç¨³å®šé’¾è‚¥ç”¨é‡ã€‚
（3）土壤硼ã€é”Œæ˜Žæ˜¾ç¼ºä¹çš„棉田应基施硼肥和锌肥；潜在缺ä¹çš„应注é‡æ ¹å¤–追施硼ã€é”Œè‚¥ã€‚
（4ï¼‰å¯¹äºŽè‚²è‹—ç§»æ ½æ£‰ç”°ï¼Œç£·é’¾è‚¥é‡‡ç”¨ç©´æ–½æˆ–æ¡æ–½ç‰é›†ä¸æ–½ç”¨ã€‚
（5）肥料施用应与çŒæº‰é˜²æ¶æŠ€æœ¯å’Œå…¶ä»–é«˜äº§ä¼˜è´¨æ ½åŸ¹æŠ€æœ¯ç›¸ç»“åˆã€‚
2.施肥建议
（1）皮棉亩产在90~110公斤的æ¡ä»¶ä¸‹ï¼Œäº©æ–½ç”¨ä¼˜è´¨æœ‰æœºè‚¥1~2å¨ï¼Œæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）13~16公斤，磷肥（P2O5）6~7公斤，钾肥（K2O）10~12公斤。对于硼ã€é”Œç¼ºä¹çš„棉田，注æ„è¡¥æ–½ç¡¼ç ‚1.0~2.0公斤/亩和硫酸锌1.5~2.0公斤/亩。低产田适当调低施肥é‡20%å·¦å³ã€‚
（2）氮肥25%~30%作基施，25%~30%用作åˆèŠ±æœŸè¿½è‚¥ï¼Œ25%~30%用作盛花期追肥，15%~20%用作铃期追肥；磷肥全部作为基施；钾肥60%用作基施，40%用作åˆèŠ±æœŸè¿½è‚¥ã€‚从盛花期开始对长势较弱的棉田，喷施0.5%~1.0%å°¿ç´ å’Œ0.3%~0.5%磷酸二氢钾溶液50~75公斤/亩，æ¯éš”7~10天喷一次，连ç»å–·æ–½2~3次。
（三）西北棉区1.施肥原则
（1）ä¾æ®åœŸå£¤è‚¥åŠ›çŠ¶å†µå’Œè‚¥æ•ˆå应，适当调整氮肥用é‡ã€å¢žåŠ 生育ä¸æœŸæ–½ç”¨æ¯”例，åˆç†æ–½ç”¨ç£·ã€é’¾è‚¥ã€‚
（2）充分利用有机肥资æºï¼Œå¢žæ–½æœ‰æœºè‚¥ï¼Œé‡è§†æ£‰ç§†è¿˜ç”°ã€‚
（3ï¼‰æ–½è‚¥ä¸Žé«˜äº§ä¼˜è´¨æ ½åŸ¹æŠ€æœ¯ç›¸ç»“åˆï¼Œå°¤å…¶è¦é‡è§†æ°´è‚¥ä¸€ä½“化调控。
2.施肥建议
（1）膜下滴çŒæ£‰ç”°ï¼šçš®æ£‰äº©äº§åœ¨120~150公斤皮棉的æ¡ä»¶ä¸‹ï¼Œäº©æ–½ç”¨æ£‰ç±½é¥¼50~75公斤，氮肥（N）20~22公斤，磷肥（P2O5）8~10公斤左å³ï¼Œé’¾è‚¥ï¼ˆK2O）5~6公斤；皮棉亩产在150~180公斤的æ¡ä»¶ä¸‹ï¼Œäº©æ–½ç”¨æ£‰ç±½é¥¼75~100公斤，氮肥（N）22~24公斤，磷肥（P2O5）10~12公斤左å³ï¼Œé’¾è‚¥ï¼ˆK2O）6~8公斤。对于硼ã€é”Œç¼ºä¹çš„棉田，补施水溶性好的硼肥1.0~2.0公斤/亩，硫酸锌1.5~2.0公斤/亩。硼肥适宜å¶é¢å–·æ–½ï¼Œäº©ç”¨é‡100~150克。锌肥å¯ä»¥åšåŸºè‚¥æ–½ç”¨ï¼Œäº©ç”¨é‡1~2公斤。
氮肥基肥å 总é‡25%å·¦å³ï¼Œè¿½è‚¥å 75%å·¦å³ï¼ˆçŽ°è•¾æœŸ15%，开花期20%，花铃期30%,棉铃膨大期10%），磷肥ã€é’¾è‚¥åŸºè‚¥å 50%å·¦å³ï¼Œå…¶ä»–作追肥。全生育期追肥次数8次左å³ï¼Œä»ŽçŽ°è•¾æœŸå¼€å§‹è¿½è‚¥ï¼Œä¸€æ°´ä¸€è‚¥ã€‚å‰æœŸæ°®å¤šç£·å°‘，ä¸åŽæœŸç£·å¤šæ°®å°‘，结åˆæ»´çŒç³»ç»Ÿå®žè¡ŒçŒæº‰æ–½è‚¥ã€‚æ倡选用滴çŒä¸“用肥作追肥，用普通市售肥料作追肥è¦æ±‚氮磷比（纯养分）2：1或更高。
（2）常规çŒæº‰ï¼ˆæ·¹çŒæˆ–沟çŒï¼‰æ£‰ç”°ï¼šçš®æ£‰äº©äº§åœ¨90~110公斤æ¡ä»¶ä¸‹ï¼Œäº©æ–½ç”¨æ£‰ç±½é¥¼50公斤或优质有机肥1~1.5å¨ï¼Œæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）18~20公斤，磷肥（P2O5）7~8公斤左å³ï¼Œé’¾è‚¥ï¼ˆK2O）2~3公斤；皮棉亩产在110~130公斤æ¡ä»¶ä¸‹ï¼Œäº©æ–½ç”¨æ£‰ç±½é¥¼75~100公斤或优质有机肥1.5~2.0å¨ï¼Œæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）20~23公斤，磷肥（P2O5）8~10公斤左å³ï¼Œé’¾è‚¥ï¼ˆK2O）3~6公斤。对于硼ã€é”Œç¼ºä¹çš„棉田，注æ„补施硼ã€é”Œè‚¥ã€‚
地é¢çŒæ£‰ç”°45%~50%的氮肥用作基施，50%~55%作追肥施用。30%的氮肥用在åˆèŠ±æœŸï¼Œ20%~25%的氮肥用在盛花期。50%~60%的磷钾肥用作基施，40%~50%用作追肥。硼肥è¦å¶é¢å–·æ–½ï¼Œäº©ç”¨é‡100~150克。锌肥åšåŸºè‚¥æ–½ç”¨ï¼Œäº©ç”¨é‡1~2公斤。
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（一）苹果1.施肥原则
（1）增施有机肥，æå€¡æœ‰æœºæ— æœºé…åˆæ–½ç”¨ï¼›ä¾æ®åœŸå£¤æµ‹è¯•å’Œæ ‘相，适当调å‡æ°®ç£·é’¾åŒ–肥用é‡ï¼›æ³¨æ„å¢žåŠ é’™ã€é•ã€ç¡¼å’Œé”Œçš„施用。
（2）秋å£å·²ç»æ–½åŸºè‚¥çš„æžœå›ï¼ŒèŒèŠ½å‰ä¸æ–½è‚¥æˆ–少施肥。秋å£æœªæ–½åŸºè‚¥çš„æžœå›ï¼Œä¸€æ˜¯å‚照秋å£æ–½è‚¥å»ºè®®åœ¨èŒèŠ½å‰å°½æ—©æ–½å…¥ï¼Œæ—©æ˜¥å¹²æ—±ç¼ºæ°´äº§åŒºè¦åœ¨æ–½è‚¥åŽè¡¥å……水分以利于养分å¸æ”¶åˆ©ç”¨ï¼›äºŒæ˜¯åœ¨èŒèŠ½å‰å–·3é1%~3%çš„å°¿ç´ åŠ é€‚é‡ç™½ç³–和其他缺ä¹çš„å¾®é‡å…ƒç´ å¢žåŠ è´®è—养分，以利于å‡è½»æ—©æ˜¥æ™šéœœå†»å±å®³ã€‚
（3ï¼‰ä¸Žé«˜äº§ä¼˜è´¨æ ½åŸ¹æŠ€æœ¯ç›¸ç»“åˆï¼Œå¦‚å¹³åŽŸåœ°èµ·åž„æ ½åŸ¹ã€ç”Ÿè‰æŠ€æœ¯ã€ä¸‹åž‚æžœæžä¿®å‰ªæŠ€æœ¯ä»¥åŠå£èœ‚授粉技术ç‰ã€‚山东åŠå²›ç‰è¿žç»å¹²æ—±çš„区域è¦ä¸Žåœ°è†œç‰è¦†ç›–结åˆã€‚
（4）土壤酸化的果å›å¯é€šè¿‡æ–½ç”¨ç¡…é’™é•è‚¥å’ŒçŸ³ç°æ”¹è‰¯åœŸå£¤ã€‚
2.施肥建议
（1）亩产2500公斤以下果å›ï¼šæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）7.5~10公斤/亩，磷肥（P2O5）5~6.5公斤/亩，钾肥（K2O）10~12.5公斤/亩；亩产2500~4000公斤果å›ï¼šæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）10~17.5公斤/亩，磷肥（P2O5）5~10公斤/亩，钾肥（K2O）12.5~20公斤/亩；亩产4000公斤以上果å›ï¼šæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）12.5~20公斤/亩，磷肥（P2O5）7.5~12公斤/亩，钾肥（K2O）15~22.5公斤/亩。
（2）化肥分3~6次施用，第一次在果实套袋å‰åŽï¼ˆ5月下旬），氮磷钾é…åˆæ–½ç”¨ï¼Œå»ºè®®æ–½ç”¨17-10-18苹果é…方肥；6月ä¸æ—¬ä»¥åŽå»ºè®®è¿½è‚¥2~5次；å‰æœŸä»¥æ°®é’¾è‚¥ä¸ºä¸»ï¼Œå¢žåŠ 钾肥用é‡ï¼Œå»ºè®®æ–½ç”¨16-6-20é…方肥；åŽæœŸä»¥é’¾è‚¥ä¸ºä¸»ï¼Œé…åˆå°‘é‡æ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆæ°®è‚¥ç”¨é‡æ ¹æ®æžœå®žå¤§å°ç¡®å®šï¼Œæžœå®žè¾ƒå¤§çš„一定è¦å‡å°‘氮肥用é‡ï¼Œä¸”å¢žåŠ é’™è‚¥ç‰ç”¨é‡ï¼‰ã€‚干旱区域建议采用窄沟多沟施肥方法，多雨区域å¯æ”¾å°„沟法或撒施。
（3）土壤缺锌ã€ç¡¼å’Œé’™çš„æžœå›ï¼ŒèŒèŠ½å‰åŽæ¯äº©æ–½ç”¨ç¡«é…¸é”Œ1~1.5公斤ã€ç¡¼ç ‚0.5~1.0公斤ã€ç¡é…¸é’™30公斤；在花期和幼果期å¶é¢å–·æ–½0.3%ç¡¼ç ‚ã€æžœå®žå¥—袋å‰å–·3次0.3%的钙肥。土壤酸化的果å›ï¼Œæ¯äº©æ–½ç”¨çŸ³ç°150~200公斤或硅钙é•è‚¥50~100公斤ç‰ã€‚
（二）桃
1.施肥原则
（1ï¼‰åŠ å¼ºæœ‰æœºè‚¥æ–½ç”¨æ¯”ä¾‹ï¼Œä¾æ®åœŸå£¤è‚¥åŠ›å’Œæ—©ä¸æ™šç†Ÿå“ç§åŠäº§é‡æ°´å¹³ï¼Œåˆç†è°ƒæŽ§æ°®ç£·é’¾è‚¥æ–½ç”¨æ°´å¹³ï¼Œæ³¨æ„é’™ã€é•ã€ç¡¼å’Œé”Œæˆ–é“肥的é…åˆæ–½ç”¨ã€‚
（2）ä¸åŒå“ç§çš„春å£è¿½è‚¥æ—¶æœŸè¦æœ‰å·®åˆ«ï¼Œæ—©ç†Ÿå“ç§è¾ƒæ™šç†Ÿå“ç§è¿½è‚¥æ—¶æœŸæ—©ï¼Œæ›´è¦åŠ 强秋施基肥，其春å£è¿½è‚¥æ¬¡æ•°æ¯”晚熟å“ç§å°‘。
（3ï¼‰ä¸Žä¼˜è´¨æ ½åŸ¹æŠ€æœ¯ç›¸ç»“åˆï¼Œå¤å£æ˜“出现æ¶å®³çš„平原地区需注æ„结åˆèµ·åž„ã€è¦†è†œæˆ–æžœå›ç”Ÿè‰æŠ€æœ¯ï¼›å¹²æ—±åœ°åŒºæ倡采用地表覆盖和穴贮肥水技术。
2.施肥建议
（1）早熟å“ç§ã€æˆ–土壤肥沃ã€æˆ–æ ‘é¾„å°ã€æˆ–æ ‘åŠ¿å¼ºçš„æžœå›æ–½æœ‰æœºè‚¥1~2æ–¹/亩；晚熟å“ç§ã€åœŸå£¤ç˜ è–„ã€æ ‘龄大ã€æ ‘势弱的果å›æ–½æœ‰æœºè‚¥2~4æ–¹/亩。
（2）产é‡æ°´å¹³1500公斤/亩的桃å›ï¼šæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）8~10公斤/亩，磷肥（P2O5）5~8公斤/亩，钾肥（K2O）10~13公斤/亩；产é‡æ°´å¹³2000公斤/亩的桃å›ï¼šæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）13~16公斤/亩，磷肥（P2O5）7~10公斤/亩，钾肥（K2O）15~18公斤/亩；产é‡æ°´å¹³3000公斤/亩的桃å›ï¼šæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）16~18公斤/亩，磷肥（P2O5）10~12公斤/亩，钾肥（K2O）18~21公斤/亩。
（3）全部有机肥作基肥最好于秋å£æ–½ç”¨ï¼Œç§‹å£æœªæ–½ç”¨çš„在春å£åœŸå£¤è§£å†»åŽåŠæ—©æ–½å…¥ï¼Œé‡‡ç”¨å¼€æ²Ÿæˆ–挖穴方法土施；50%的磷肥和30%钾肥åŠ50%的氮肥一åŒä¸Žæœ‰æœºè‚¥åŸºæ–½ã€‚ä¸æ—©ç†Ÿå“ç§å¯ä»¥åœ¨æ¡ƒæ ‘èŒèŠ½å‰ï¼ˆ3月åˆï¼‰ï¼Œæžœå®žè¿…速膨大å‰åˆ†2次追肥，第一次氮磷钾é…åˆæ–½ç”¨ï¼Œç¬¬äºŒæ¬¡ä»¥é’¾è‚¥ä¸ºä¸»é…åˆæ°®ç£·è‚¥ï¼›æ™šç†Ÿå“ç§å¯ä»¥åœ¨èŒèŠ½å‰ï¼ŒèŠ±èŠ½ç”Ÿç†åˆ†åŒ–期（5月下旬至6月下旬），果实迅速膨大å‰åˆ†3次追肥。èŒèŠ½å‰è¿½è‚¥ä»¥æ°®è‚¥ä¸ºä¸»é…åˆç£·é’¾è‚¥ï¼ŒåŽä¸¤æ¬¡è¿½è‚¥ä»¥é’¾è‚¥ä¸ºä¸»é…åˆæ°®ç£·è‚¥ã€‚
（4）2016年桃å果率高负载é‡è¿‡é«˜ï¼Œä»Šå¹´åº”åŠ å¼ºæ ¹å¤–è¿½è‚¥ï¼ŒèŒèŠ½å‰å¯å–·æ–½2~3次1%~3%çš„å°¿ç´ ï¼ŒèŒèŠ½åŽè‡³7月ä¸æ—¬ä¹‹å‰ï¼Œæ¯éš”7天1次，按2æ¬¡å°¿ç´ ä¸Ž1次磷酸二氢钾（浓度为0.3%~0.5%）的顺åºå–·æ–½ã€‚
（三）梨
1.施肥原则
（1）增施有机肥料，实施梨å›ç”Ÿè‰ã€è¦†è‰ï¼ŒåŸ¹è‚¥åœŸå£¤ï¼›åœŸå£¤é…¸åŒ–严é‡çš„æžœå›æ–½ç”¨çŸ³ç°å’Œæœ‰æœºè‚¥è¿›è¡Œæ”¹è‰¯ã€‚
（2）ä¾æ®æ¢¨å›åœŸå£¤è‚¥åŠ›æ¡ä»¶å’Œæ¢¨æ ‘生长状况，适当å‡å°‘氮磷肥用é‡ï¼Œå¢žåŠ 钾肥施用，通过å¶é¢å–·æ–½è¡¥å……é’™ã€é•ã€é“ã€é”Œã€ç¡¼ç‰ä¸å¾®é‡å…ƒç´ 。
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