There are two peaks in the fertility of rice, one is the tillering period, and the other is the formation of young ears to the booting stage. If the fertilizer is insufficient in the early stage, the tillering rate will decrease, the leaves will be thin, the leaves will turn yellow, and the effective number of panicles will be small. When the fertilizer is insufficient in the later stage, the number of grains per ear will decrease and the weight of 1000 grains will decrease, which will seriously affect the yield and quality of rice.
The nitrogen content in rice accounts for 1% to 4% of dry weight. When nitrogen supply is sufficient, it not only promotes the growth of leaves during tillering, but also promotes the growth of leaf sheaths, which has a good effect on the differentiation of young ears and the increase of the number of spikelets. After panicle differentiation, nitrogen still promoted leaf growth, but had an adverse effect on leaf sheath and stem growth. This is one of the important reasons for poor lodging resistance and poor fruiting under high nitrogen conditions.
The effect of phosphorus on tillering is very obvious. Phosphorus deficiency at seedling stage reduces the number of tillers by 40%. Compared with nitrogen, phosphorus is more conducive to the increase of root weight and root length. Phosphorus and nitrogen are applied together, and the effect is better. Phosphorus in rice is mainly concentrated in rice ears during ripening, which plays an important role in grain filling. Potassium can increase the absorption and utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer, and is very effective in reducing the number of black roots in each growth period. Plants with high potassium content, full of grain, well-developed stem mechanical structure, strong anti-breaking force, potassium also has a certain effect on improving disease resistance. Generally, soils with a pH of 6.5 are prone to zinc deficiency.
About 2/3 of the nutrients absorbed by rice in the whole life come from the soil, and about 1/3 come from the fertilizer applied in the season. The degree of soil dependence of rice is closely related to soil fertility, and high-fertility soil provides more nutrients. It can be seen that the application of organic fertilizers to fertilize soil and the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. The total fertilization amount of medium-yield rice fields should be controlled at 10 to 17 kg/mu of nitrogen, 4 to 8 kg/mu of phosphorus pentoxide, and 3 to 8 kg/mu of potassium oxide, which are adjusted according to soil fertility and yield. Generally, 1 to 2 kg of zinc sulfate is applied per mu. Phosphate fertilizer can be applied as base fertilizer, 1/3 nitrogen and 2/3 potassium are applied as base fertilizer, and 2/3 nitrogen and 1/3 potassium are used as top dressing effect. The fertilization method is as follows:
Base fertilizer: Generally, organic fertilizer is mainly used, and phosphorus and some nitrogen and potassium in inorganic fertilizer are applied. Full-layer fertilization (two methods before or after soaking) and noodle method can be used.
Top dressing: including tiller, panicle and grain fertilizer. The fertilizer is applied for 3 to 15 days after transplanting. The purpose is to promote the early growth of tiller, to reach the expected number of panicles as early as possible. The application of tiller fertilizer should be timely and appropriate, control the ineffective tillering, prevent spike differentiation or excessive nitrogen before jointing. When the seedlings return to green, they are applied at the beginning of tillering.
Panicle fertilizer: It is divided into flower-promoting fertilizer, 6 days before panicle differentiation and 4 days after panicle differentiation, wherein 3 days before and after panicle differentiation is most effective; flower-preserving fertilizer is applied 7 to 14 days after panicle differentiation.
Granular fertilizer: The main function is to maintain the appropriate nitrogen level and high photosynthetic rate of the leaves, prevent root and leaf premature aging, and make the grain full and full. If the plant does not have obvious fat deficiency, do not apply blindly. Otherwise, the nitrogen concentration will be too high and the consumption of carbohydrates will increase.
The nitrogen content in rice accounts for 1% to 4% of dry weight. When nitrogen supply is sufficient, it not only promotes the growth of leaves during tillering, but also promotes the growth of leaf sheaths, which has a good effect on the differentiation of young ears and the increase of the number of spikelets. After panicle differentiation, nitrogen still promoted leaf growth, but had an adverse effect on leaf sheath and stem growth. This is one of the important reasons for poor lodging resistance and poor fruiting under high nitrogen conditions.
The effect of phosphorus on tillering is very obvious. Phosphorus deficiency at seedling stage reduces the number of tillers by 40%. Compared with nitrogen, phosphorus is more conducive to the increase of root weight and root length. Phosphorus and nitrogen are applied together, and the effect is better. Phosphorus in rice is mainly concentrated in rice ears during ripening, which plays an important role in grain filling. Potassium can increase the absorption and utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer, and is very effective in reducing the number of black roots in each growth period. Plants with high potassium content, full of grain, well-developed stem mechanical structure, strong anti-breaking force, potassium also has a certain effect on improving disease resistance. Generally, soils with a pH of 6.5 are prone to zinc deficiency.
About 2/3 of the nutrients absorbed by rice in the whole life come from the soil, and about 1/3 come from the fertilizer applied in the season. The degree of soil dependence of rice is closely related to soil fertility, and high-fertility soil provides more nutrients. It can be seen that the application of organic fertilizers to fertilize soil and the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. The total fertilization amount of medium-yield rice fields should be controlled at 10 to 17 kg/mu of nitrogen, 4 to 8 kg/mu of phosphorus pentoxide, and 3 to 8 kg/mu of potassium oxide, which are adjusted according to soil fertility and yield. Generally, 1 to 2 kg of zinc sulfate is applied per mu. Phosphate fertilizer can be applied as base fertilizer, 1/3 nitrogen and 2/3 potassium are applied as base fertilizer, and 2/3 nitrogen and 1/3 potassium are used as top dressing effect. The fertilization method is as follows:
Base fertilizer: Generally, organic fertilizer is mainly used, and phosphorus and some nitrogen and potassium in inorganic fertilizer are applied. Full-layer fertilization (two methods before or after soaking) and noodle method can be used.
Top dressing: including tiller, panicle and grain fertilizer. The fertilizer is applied for 3 to 15 days after transplanting. The purpose is to promote the early growth of tiller, to reach the expected number of panicles as early as possible. The application of tiller fertilizer should be timely and appropriate, control the ineffective tillering, prevent spike differentiation or excessive nitrogen before jointing. When the seedlings return to green, they are applied at the beginning of tillering.
Panicle fertilizer: It is divided into flower-promoting fertilizer, 6 days before panicle differentiation and 4 days after panicle differentiation, wherein 3 days before and after panicle differentiation is most effective; flower-preserving fertilizer is applied 7 to 14 days after panicle differentiation.
Granular fertilizer: The main function is to maintain the appropriate nitrogen level and high photosynthetic rate of the leaves, prevent root and leaf premature aging, and make the grain full and full. If the plant does not have obvious fat deficiency, do not apply blindly. Otherwise, the nitrogen concentration will be too high and the consumption of carbohydrates will increase.
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