The role of lubricants Lubricants are an additive that improves the processing properties of plastics. According to its mechanism of action, it can be divided into two types: external lubricant and internal lubricant. The external lubricant can increase the lubricity of the plastic surface during processing, reduce the adhesion of the plastic to the metal surface, and minimize the mechanical shearing force, thereby achieving the easiest processing without damaging the plastic properties. purpose. The internal lubricant can reduce the internal friction of the polymer, increase the melting rate and melt deformability of the plastic, reduce the melt viscosity and improve the plasticizing performance. In fact, each type of lubricant has the effect of fulfilling a certain requirement. The combination of internal and external lubrication is only more prominent in one aspect. The same lubricant will exhibit different lubrication effects in different polymers or under different processing conditions. For example, under high temperature and high pressure, the internal lubricant will be extruded to become an external lubricant.
Generally, in the molecular structure of a lubricant, there are long-chain non-polar groups and polar groups, and their compatibility in different polymers is different, thereby showing different internal and external lubrication effects. .
Generally, lubricants have the function of both internal and external lubricants. However, different lubricants have different internal and external lubricating properties. Some lubricants have poor lubricity and good external lubrication. Some lubricants The outer lubricity is poor, and the performance as an inner lubricant is better. It is generally considered that a lubricant having good compatibility with a polymer and a large polarity of a polar group is often used as an internal lubricant; on the contrary, it is used as an external lubricant, but also has a variety of internal lubrication and external lubricant properties.
The ideal lubricant should have the following properties:
1 Must have excellent, long-lasting lubrication properties.
2 It has good compatibility with the polymer, and the internal and external lubrication functions should be balanced, which does not affect the transparency of the resin, does not have frost, is not easy to scale, and does not react with other additives.
3The viscosity is small, the surface gravity is small, the expansion at the interface is good, and the interface layer is easy to form.
4 It has excellent thermal stability, does not decompose, does not volatilize during processing, does not reduce various excellent properties of the polymer, and does not affect the second processing performance of the product.
5 non-toxic, non-polluting, non-corrosive equipment, and cheap.
Classification of Lubricants Lubricants can be classified into fatty acid amides, hydrocarbons, fatty acids, esters, alcohols, metal soaps, and composite lubricants according to their chemical structure. According to the type of use, it can be divided into internal lubricants (such as higher fatty alcohols, fatty acid esters, etc.), external lubricants (such as higher fatty acids, fatty amides, paraffin, etc.) and complex lubricants (such as metal soaps such as calcium stearate, Fatty acid soap, fatty acid amide, etc.).
1. Fatty acid amide lubricant 1 stearic acid amide: white or light yellow brown powder, relative density 0.96, molecular weight 283, melting point 98~103 ° C, such as soluble in water, soluble in hot ethanol, chloroform, ether. It has excellent external lubrication effect and release property, transparency, dispersibility, gloss and electrical insulation. It is non-toxic and is a resin processing lubricant such as PVC, PS, UF, etc. It can also be used as a lubricant for polyolefin. And anti-blocking agents. The general dosage is 0.1%~2.0%.
2N,N,_Ethylene bis stearamide (EBS): white or milky white powder or granules. It has a relative density of 0.98, a molecular weight of 593 and a melting point of 142 ° C. It is insoluble in water and soluble in hot chlorinated hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbon solvents. Widely used in slip agents, anti-blocking agents, lubricants and antistatic agents. Non-toxic, suitable for internal and external lubricants of PE, PP, PS, aBS resin and thermosetting plastics. The general dosage is 0.2%~2.0%.
3 oleic acid amide: white powder, flakes or beads. The relative density is 0.90, the molecular weight is 281, the melting point is 68-79 ° C, it is insoluble in water, and is soluble in many solvents such as ethanol. Non-toxic, can be used as a slip agent and anti-adhesive agent for PE, PP, Pa and other plastics to improve the processing and forming properties. It also has antistatic effect, which can reduce the adhesion of dust on the surface of the product. This product is good in PVC processing. Internal lubricant.
4 erucamide: shape, performance and use similar to oleic acid amide, better than oleic acid amide.
5 n-butyl stearate (BS): light yellow liquid, relative density 0.855 ~ 0.862, soluble in most organic solvents, slightly soluble in glycerin, ethylene glycol and certain amines, compatible with ethyl cellulose, and Nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate butyrate, chlorinated rubber, etc. are partially compatible. This product is non-toxic and acts as an internal lubricant for resin processing. It has water repellency and good thermal stability and can be used in coatings. Although it is incompatible with PVC, it can be used as a lubricant for PVC extrusion, injection molding, and rolling, and a release agent. The general dosage is 0.5%~1.0%.
6 glycerol trihydroxy stearate: powder, melting point 85 ~ 87 ° C. This product is non-toxic, has excellent heat resistance and fluidity. It can be used as a lubricant for PVC, aBS, MBS and a release agent for slip agents and synthetic rubber. The general dosage is 0.25% to 1.5%.
2. Hydrocarbon lubricant 1 microcrystalline paraffin: white or yellowish scaly or granular, solid relative density 0.89~0.94, liquid relative density 0.78~0.81, melting point 70~90 °C, soluble in non-polar solvent, insoluble Polar solvent. Thermal stability and lubricity are better than paraffin wax, but it will reduce the gelation speed, so the dosage should not be too large. Non-toxic, often used in combination with butyl stearate or higher fatty acids, used in plastic lubricants. The general dosage is 0.1%~0.2%.
2 liquid paraffin: colorless transparent liquid, relative density of 0.89, freezing point -35 ~ -15 ° C, soluble in benzene, ether, carbon disulfide, slightly soluble in alcohol, good thermal stability and lubricity. When used for resin processing such as PVC and PS, it is intrinsic to the resin and has poor compatibility with the resin. The amount of addition is generally from 0.3% to 0.5%. When it is too much, the processing performance is deteriorated.
3 solid paraffin: white solid, relative density of 0.9, melting point of 57 ~ 60 ° C, insoluble in water, soluble in gasoline, chloroform, carbon disulfide, xylene, ether and other organic solvents, slightly soluble in alcohols. It is an external lubricant, which can improve the surface gloss of the product. It is a non-polar linear hydrocarbon. It can not wet the metal surface, that is, it cannot prevent the PVC from adhering to the metal wall. Only when it is combined with calcium stearate can it exert synergy, but its Compatibility, dispersibility and thermal stability are relatively poor. This product is non-toxic and is used in PVC, PE, PP, PS, aBS, PBT, PET and cellulose.
4 chlorinated paraffin: paraffin wax is obtained by chlorination. Odorless transparent liquid, containing 42%, 52%, 70%, etc., has good compatibility with PVC, and also functions as a plasticizer and a flame retardant, but the transparency is poor, and the dosage is below 0.3%. It works well with other plasticizers. The general dosage is 0.3#.
5 polyethylene wax: also known as low molecular weight polyethylene, white powder or flakes, is a low-polymerization product of ethylene. The relative density is 0.9~0.93, the molecular weight is 1000~5000, the softening point is 100~115°C, it has good medium and late lubricity, can act as anti-adhesive agent, and is used as pigment in the processing of masterbatch "target="_blank"> Pigment dispersant, used as lubricant in PVC-U, used as lubricant and mold release agent in PVC, PE, PP, aBS, PET, PBT plastic molding. The general dosage is 0.1%~0.5%.
6 oxidized polyethylene wax: white powder or beaded solid, is a low molecular weight polyethylene containing carboxylic acid, and contains alcohol, ketone and ester compounds, due to oxidation, a certain number of carboxyl groups and hydrocarbon groups are formed on the alkane chain (all poles) a group, thus improving its compatibility in PVC, so that it has good internal and external lubrication properties, and gives the product good transparency and gloss, partial esterification with higher fat or fatty acid, or Partial saponification with calcium hydroxide, the obtained derivatives have excellent internal and external lubrication properties. Mainly used in PVC, PE, PP, aBS, PBT, PET and other excellent lubricants. The dosage is 0.1%~1.0%.
3, composite lubricant composite lubricant is a good internal and external lubricants. Commonly used composite lubricants are: paraffin, metal soap and paraffin compound, fatty amide and other lubricant compound, a compound lubricant with a lignite wax as the main body, a compound system of stabilizer and lubricant.
4. Silicone lubricants Silicone is widely used as a mold release agent, anti-blocking agent and lubricant for the main molding of phenolic, epoxy, polyester and other plastics. Commonly used varieties are polysiloxanes, synthetic waxes, silicone oils, silica and diatomaceous earth.
1 methyl silicone oil: polydimethylsiloxane, colorless, odorless, transparent, viscous liquid, molecular weight 5000~10000, soluble in ether, benzene, toluene, partially soluble in acetone, ethanol, butanol, insoluble Methanol, cyclohexanol, paraffin oil, vegetable oil. Can be used in the range of -50 to 200 °C. It has excellent high and low temperature resistance, good light transmission, electrical properties, water absorption and chemical stability. Used as a release lubricant.
2 Benzyl silicone oil: polymethylphenyl siloxane, the performance is the same as methyl silicone oil.
3 ethyl silicone oil: polyethyl siloxane, colorless or light yellow transparent liquid, average molecular weight 300 ~ 10000. Dissolved in ether, chloroform, toluene. It can be mixed with petroleum products arbitrarily. It has a temperature of -70~150°C, excellent lubricity and electrical insulation, low surface tension, and good waterproof and chemical resistance. It can be used as a release agent and lubricant in plastics and rubber processing lubricants.
5. Lubricants for common resins 1 Polyvinyl chloride: Applicable: liquid paraffin, solid paraffin, high melting paraffin, polyethylene wax, ethylene bis stearamide, ester wax butyl stearate, glyceryl monostearate Ester, metal soap, stearic acid, stearyl alcohol.
2 polyethylene, polypropylene: suitable: ethylene bis stearamide, stearic acid amide, oleic acid amide, calcium stearate, zinc stearate, high boiling paraffin, microcrystalline paraffin, fatty acid.
3 polystyrene: suitable for zinc stearate, ethylene bis stearamide, high melting wax, butyl stearate.
4aBS resin: suitable for metal soap such as zinc stearate, fatty acid amide, ethylene bis stearamide, high melting wax.
5 Polyamide: Suitable for oleic acid amide, stearic acid amide, ethylene bis-stearyl amide.
6PBT/PET resin: suitable for zinc stearate, calcium stearate, fatty amide, high melting wax, polyethylene wax.
7 Phenolic, amino resin: suitable for metal soap such as zinc stearate, fatty acid amide, ethylene double hard fat amide, high melting wax.
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