Self-charging, sustainable energy-supply triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) are a new type of energy harvesting device. According to the coupling principle of contact electrification and electrostatic induction, TENG can convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. TENG's low-cost, high-efficiency, environmental-friendly features and universal applicability have made it possible for small-scale mechanical energy collection and large-scale energy generation to have broad development prospects; more importantly, TENG is at low-frequency and irregular mechanical energy (such as humans). The sports energy, wind energy, water wave energy, vibration energy, etc. have shown obvious advantages in the collection.
The combination of TENG and traditional weaving techniques has made self-powered smart fabrics possible. However, the development of self-powered fabrics still faces many serious challenges. First, the power of traditional 2D TENG fabrics to collect energy is too low to drive most wearable electronic devices. Second, the preparation process of most fiber electrodes or textured electrodes is complicated, time-consuming, costly, and environmentally unfriendly. And the electronic fabrics based on these electrodes can hardly achieve water washing; finally, most TENG fabrics rely on external carriers or surfaces to obtain frictional electric energy, which limits the application fields of TENG fabrics. Therefore, it is necessary to develop high-output, multifunctional, wearable TENG fabrics.
Recently, under the guidance of Wang Zhonglin, chief scientist of the Institute of Nano Energy and Systems of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and a foreign academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, doctoral students Dong Kai, Deng Jianan, and postdoctoral researcher Ji Yunlong combined stainless steel/polyester blended yarns and PDMS coated Energy Harvesting Yarn and Insulated Bonded Yarn have successfully developed a 3D orthogonal weaving TENG (3DOW-TENG) fabric with high output. The 3DOW-TENG fabric has a maximum output power of 263.36mW m-2 at a striking frequency of 3Hz, which is much higher than that of a conventional two-dimensional TENG fabric. In addition, the self-powered 3DOW-TENG fabric performs exceptionally well in biomechanical energy harvesting and motion signal tracking. This research also provides a new direction for the application of multifunctional self-powered fabrics in the fields of wearable electronics, residential security and health monitoring. Related research results were published on Adv. Mater.
The researchers prepared a 3DOW-TENG with high output power and stability. After optimization of the structure type and circuit connection mode, the 3DOW-TENG bonded and formed by the insulated Z-yarn exhibited the best electrical performance in the two-electrode mode. Three-dimensional orthogonal structural design provides enough contact-separation space for stainless steel/polyester hybrid conductive yarns; PDMS-coated energy-harvesting blended yarns have a maximum power density of 263.36mW m-2 at a strike frequency of 3Hz. . This wearable 3DOW-TENG has a wide range of applications in areas such as bioenergy collection and self-powered sensing, such as powered warning lights/capacitors/smartwatches, motion signal tracking, self-powered dance pads, and self-charging 3DOW-TENG smart fabrics. Future residential security, smart unlocking and other aspects also have great potential for development.
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