In the planning of the workpiece processing route, attention should be paid to the arrangement of the processing sequence, the structure of the parts and the condition of the blank, as well as the positioning, installation and clamping. There are mainly the following principles:
(1) The processing of the previous process does not affect the positioning and clamping of the next process.
(2) The processing steps are gradually carried out from coarse to fine, and the machining allowance is from large to small.
(3) The inner cavity is processed first, and then the outer shape is processed.
The processing technology and processing method planning is the detailed design of the implementation of the processing route. Specifically include:
(1) Select a suitable tool for different machining areas and machining processes.
(2) Select a reasonable tool path for different processing areas, processing types, and machining processes.
(3) Determine the error link and error control parameters related to programming to ensure the accuracy of CNC machining and the actual machining accuracy.
(4) Cutting process control (including backfeeding amount, feed rate, spindle speed), machining allowance control and advance and retract knife control.
(5) Safety control includes safety height and avoidance area.
The parameter setting is the specific implementation of the process. We will not repeat them here. The following is an example of the PROE/CAM application.
Figure 4
A simplified view of the part is shown in Figure 4. Through analysis: We decided to process the six elements on the ordinary machine tool, and then process the various elements on the CNC milling machine. First create a three-dimensional model (Figure 5).
Figure 5
Process analysis and planning: (1) Processing object: elliptical spherical surface, Φ160mm hole, 4 elliptical holes.
(2) Tool setting: Φ40mm ball milling cutter is used for ellipsoidal spherical processing, Φ40mm vertical milling cutter is used for Φ160mm hole, and Φ20mm end milling cutter is used for 4 elliptical holes.
(3) Processing sequence: elliptical spherical surface → Φ160mm hole → 4 elliptical holes, which are divided into roughing and finishing.
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NSK manufacture a full range of deep groove ball bearings. These bearings are the most common type and are used in a wide variety of applications.
Single-Row Deep Groove Ball Bearings
Pressed Steel Cages
Single-row deep groove ball bearings are the most common type of rolling bearings. Their use is very widespread.
In addition to open type bearings, these bearings often have steel shields or rubber seals installed on one or both sides and are prelubricated with grease. Also, snap rings are sometimes used on the periphery. As to cages, pressed steel ones are the most common.
For big deep groove ball bearings, machined brass cages are used.
Machined cages are also used for high speed applications.
Extra Small Ball Bearings and Miniature Ball Bearings
Miniature and instrument ball bearings can be divided into two basic types, deep groove and angular contact. The first (deep groove) can be further divided into the following five classes depending on their design details:
Standard type
Flanged outer ring
Extended inner ring
Expanded type in which one ring has a radial thickness that is larger than normal compared with the bearing width.
Thin section type in which both rings are extra thin in the radial direction. They can also be classified as: open, shielded, or sealed.
Maximum-Type Ball Bearings
Maximum-Type ball Bearings contain a larger number of balls than normal deep groove ball bearings because of filling slots in the inner and outer rings. Because of their filling slots, they are not suitable for applications with high axial loads. types of bearings have boundary dimensions equal to those of single-row deep groove ball bearings of Series 6200 and 6300 respectively. Besides the open type, ZZ type shielded bearings are also available. When using these bearings, it is important for the filling slot in the outer ring to be outside of the loaded zone as much as possible. Their cages are pressed steel.
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