Researchers at the Gemological Institute of the United States reported in the latest issue of the journal Science that large diamonds may originate from the ultra-deep parts of the surface 400 km to 750 km, formed in liquid metal. This discovery will help advance the understanding of the deep environment of the planet.
Wang Wu, director of the research and development department of the American Gemological Institute, who participated in the study, said: "For half a century, people have been exploring the formation mechanism of natural diamonds. However, due to issues involving value and insurance, it is difficult for scientists to have the opportunity to study. Large diamonds, so for a long time we know little about the causes of large diamonds and their geoscience."
According to Wang Wuyi, as a non-profit organization, the Gemological Institute of the United States “is almost the only institution in the world that has the opportunity to research a large number of large diamondsâ€, because many diamonds require the certification of the American Gemological Institute. The college receives tens of thousands of diamonds from around the world that require grading, so it is easy to access a large number of research samples.
In the end, the researchers selected more than 30 large diamonds from hundreds of thousands of diamonds, the largest of which was about 400 carats. After obtaining the consent of the diamond owners, they examined the cuts of the diamonds and found some impurities in the natural wrap, which were composed of iron, nickel, sulfur and carbon.
Wang Wuyi said that one of the characteristics of diamonds is that it will wrap some surrounding materials during the growth process. Since diamonds are pure carbon materials, they are very stable, and the substances encapsulated in them are almost impossible to react with foreign substances, thus retaining the characteristics of the surrounding environment when the diamonds are formed. From the point of view of the main component of the wrap, iron should be formed in a liquid metal environment, which is completely different from the environment in which small diamonds are formed.
According to the researchers, large diamonds are deeper inside the Earth than most diamonds. They may form from 400 to 750 km underground, while other natural diamonds are generally 150 to 200 underground. The depth of the kilometer is formed. Later, these diamonds rose to the ground along with geological activities such as volcanic eruptions.
Natural diamonds can be divided into one type of diamond and two types of diamonds. Wang Wuyi said that the main difference between the two is the nitrogen content. The purity of the type II diamond is particularly high, and the nitrogen impurity is very small. This diamond only accounts for 2% of the natural diamond.
The new findings can explain why large diamonds are basically type II diamonds because large diamonds are formed in a liquid metal environment and nitrogen is absorbed by the metal, so large diamonds are also more pure. Most diamonds may be formed by other chemical reactions in the silicate environment, so diamonds formed 150 to 200 kilometers underground are more likely to wrap more nitrogen and have a lower purity.
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