Machine tools have always been hailed as "industrial masters" and are machines for making machines. Their importance is unquestionable. The machine tool is the core production base of the entire equipment manufacturing industry, especially the top-grade machine tools such as ultra-high-precision machine tools and five-axis linkage high-end CNC machine tools. Its technical level directly reflects the overall competitiveness of a country's manufacturing industry.
No matter which field the manufacturing industry can be separated from high-precision machine tools, it can be as large as the key components of defense weapons, aerospace and aircraft carriers, as small as watch gears and all kinds of precision instruments. In recent years, China's smart manufacturing has risen, the aviation industry, independent aircraft carriers, high-tech industries have developed rapidly, and every leap in manufacturing has been inseparable from the improvement of machine tool manufacturing precision. In today's industrial production, new standards such as flexible manufacturing, high efficiency, and precision are constantly being pushed to new heights, all of which place higher demands on ultra-high-precision machine tools.
Major applications of machine tools
There are many types of machine tools. In a broad sense, machine tools include general CNC machine tools, high-precision machine tools, and ultra-high-precision machine tools. These types of machine tools, whether in terms of technical content, manufacturing difficulty, or their own price, are sequentially incremented. In terms of specific products, there are various types of cars, milling, grinding, drilling machines and machining centers.
Of course, the non-super high-precision large-scale machine tools that best reflect the technical level are the only ones. An ultra-high-precision machine tool with a machining accuracy of 0.01-0.001 μm, that is, it can reach or approach the nano-scale, so small that it cannot be distinguished by the naked eye. Compared with the precision of ordinary CNC machine tools, ultra-high-precision machine tools are 1000 times higher, and they are an order of magnitude higher than precision machining. For this reason, all countries in the world are sparing no effort to develop and manufacture ultra-high-precision machine tools, and their technology is also at the forefront of the international market. People are trying to promote the development of manufacturing industry through ultra-high precision machine tools.
In the fierce international competition, more countries have not been able to achieve any advantages in the research and development of ultra-high-precision machine tools. Germany, the United States, Japan and other countries are still leading countries in ultra-high precision machine tools. These countries strictly control the output of ultra-high-precision machine tools because they are the core technology of modern precision manufacturing, and are also necessary for processing and manufacturing some modern military high-performance super-large components, such as ultra-low noise submarine propellers. It must be guarded against this technology being mastered by other countries. Of course, the application of ultra-high-precision machine tools is far more than the military industry, but covers almost all areas of high-end machinery manufacturing.
Global development pattern
A country, no matter where it needs to perform ultra-precision machining on complex surfaces, can't do without ultra-high precision machine tools. Having a high-precision machine tool is irreplaceable for promoting the development of cutting-edge scientific research, aerospace, precision instruments, and high-precision medical equipment. However, the world's most advanced high-precision machine tools, the most advanced equipment, the most advanced technology are in the hands of German and Japanese companies.
Japan's Middelon, Seiko, Toyota, Mori Seiki and other companies, Germany's Stama, Julang, Hammer and other manufacturing companies are the holders of advanced technology for ultra-high precision machine tools. The machine tool industry in Japan and Germany has an annual export value of more than 10 billion US dollars, both in technology and sales, ahead of the rest of the world. For example, in the field of small and medium-sized five-axis precision machining, Hamer is an absolute authority. Its machine tools have significant advantages in high-speed and high-precision machining and complex surface machining. In the small and medium-sized mold manufacturing market in Germany, Merck's market share ranks first; the world's most accurate machine tool spindles are made in Japan, and even the manufacture of parts of the US F22 fighters requires the processing of ultra-high-precision machine tools in Japan; In the field of processing, the world's most accurate parent machine comes from Japan's Jettage, which is designed for ultra-precision turning and grinding of optical lenses and blue lens molds.
In addition to Germany and Japan, ultra-high-precision machine tools in developed countries such as the United States, Switzerland, and Italy are closely followed, and the technical level is also in an international leading position, and the market share is also very objective. Compared with these countries, China's precision machine tool R & D technology is very backward.
The development of China's machine tool industry: the road is long and the road is long
China is the world's number one manufacturing country and a must-have machine tool for manufacturing, but it is far from meeting the needs of the market. After decades of development, the domestic machine tool industry has achieved tremendous development, gradually upgrading from scratch, from small to large, from simple to complex. At present, China's self-developed five-axis CNC machine tools and machining centers have been able to be used in military, aviation and other fields. However, in general, China's machine tools are still dominated by low-end and medium-sized domestic and domestic standards. There is a certain gap in the high-end manufacturing equipment.
In-depth analysis of the current Chinese machine tool market, machine tool manufacturers in the field of ultra-high-precision machine tools and some core technologies are not mastered, but in recent years, the development is rapid, and the gap with the world's advanced level is getting smaller. In recent years, many smart equipment companies have emerged in China, and have made great breakthroughs in the fields of five-axis linkage machining center, forging-type CNC machining equipment, high-end precision CNC machine tools, etc. Their products are widely used in the fields of automobiles, aviation, etc. The upgrading of China's intellectual development.
As a national major strategic technology and the core technology of industrial development, ultra-high precision machine tools have been deeply concerned by the state and the community. As early as 2006, in the National Medium- and Long-Term Plan for Science and Technology Development (2006-2020), the Chinese government launched 16 major national science and technology major projects, including “high-end CNC machine tools and basic manufacturing equipmentâ€. . In addition, in the “Made in China 2025†proposed by you in 2015, the CNC machine tools and basic manufacturing equipment industry have also been included in one of the strategic areas of China's manufacturing industry.
It is precisely because of the joint promotion of the government and the market that China's ultra-high-precision machine tool development has achieved faster development. Today, in the high-precision processing equipment such as precision horizontal machining centers, Chinese companies have a good record. In the high-end CNC system and major breakthroughs, the market share has increased from less than 1% a few years ago to more than 5%. It is precisely because of the services of these advanced machine tools that China's lunar exploration factories, new fighter planes, and aircrafts have major national special projects and key projects, and they have possessed key manufacturing equipment and obtained more independent intellectual property rights.
We all hope that China can develop its own ultra-high-precision machine tools as soon as possible, and truly get rid of the restrictions imposed by other countries on China's manufacturing industry, so that "China's wisdom" will truly lead the world.
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