Lithium metal is the most promising next-generation battery anode due to its high specific capacity. However, its widespread application is hindered by challenges: in multiple charge and discharge cycles, dendrites called dendrites will grow from the battery negative electrode to the positive electrode through the electrolyte, resulting in a short circuit inside the battery, causing serious safety problems.
(Source: Carnegie Mellon University)
However, according to foreign media reports, Venkat Viswanathan, an assistant professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Carnegie Mellon University in the United States, has studied that solid ion conductor (SIC) components can be used as a separator between the anode and the electrolyte to prevent the dendrites from spreading.
The researchers first designed a theoretical model to establish the design rules that SIC must obey to ensure the stability of the electrodeposition cycle. From this model, the researchers learned that this stability mainly depends on two characteristics of the SIC: the shear modulus (measured stiffness) and the volume occupied by lithium ions when the SIC moves.
Materials with a lower shear modulus and a smaller lithium volume will inhibit the growth of dendrites, while materials with a higher shear modulus and a larger lithium volume will prevent dendrites (spread), thereby achieving two stable areas: An area that suppresses dendrites and an area that blocks dendrites. Although the mechanism of blocking dendrites has been known and studied in the field of electrochemistry, the mechanism of inhibiting dendritic growth has not yet been explored.
Working with the Brett Helms team of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), the researchers realized that a stable area that had never been recognized before was a huge opportunity for major scientific progress, so they designed a polymer-based composite SIC , Dedicated to detecting mechanisms that inhibit dendritic growth and verify hypotheses.
Through a series of calculations and experimental techniques, the researchers proved that by accessing previously unknown stable areas, this material can indeed avoid the barriers to dendrite growth. After all, dendrites have been preventing lithium metal from being used as a high-capacity anode.
Their research can be used as the basis for further research and development of next-generation batteries, which will be essential for driving new technologies such as flying cars. (Yu Qiuyun)
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