How to deal with premature aging of corn, the causes of premature aging of corn and the details of prevention and treatment have the following points:
1 cause of premature aging caused by
1.1 Soil conditions
The soil layer is not deep enough, the soil permeability is poor, and the factors of water, fertilizer, gas and heat in the soil are not coordinated with each other, which is not conducive to the growth of roots. The small amount of farmyard manure is used to make the soil organic matter deficient, the soil seepage and water retention performance is not good, the ability to resist natural disasters is poor, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is imbalanced, and the biological nitrogen-inducing ability is reduced, thereby causing premature aging caused by insufficient nutrition in the late growth stage of corn.
1.2 Cultivation Conditions
The density of corn root layer is large, the vertical depth is more than 1 meter, and the horizontal distribution is about 1 meter. A strong and dense root group is formed in the soil. The number and distribution of corn roots, activity size and corn planting density and soil The depth of the layer is closely related. The planting density or planting form of the corn is unreasonable, so that the nutrient area of ​​the plant is relatively reduced. For many years, the soil has accumulated a large amount of Fusarium, Pythium and total pathogens, which affects the growth of the corn. Cause premature aging.
1.3 Climate and disease factors
Poor climatic conditions can cause the disease to worsen premature aging. High temperature and drought persisted from mid-July to early August, and photosynthetic products were insufficient, causing soluble substances in stems and leaves to be transported to the grain of the growth center, causing nutrient deficiencies and premature senescence of stems and leaves. A large amount of precipitation after mid-August will promote the germination of pathogenic bacteria, aggravating Premature aging.
2 Prevention and treatment methods
2.1 Implement rotation, avoid continuous use of
Implement a reasonable rotation to reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases. Rotation can improve malnutrition in the soil and make the corn grow a good living environment. Rotation can reduce the occurrence of diseases, because each kind of corn disease is targeted to damage the host plants, corn germs are not soaked with soybeans, and some of the soybeans are not contaminated with corn, so after two to three years of rotation Effectively reduce the incidence of diseases. Similarly, corn mash only harms corn and does not harm soybeans. Soybean worms harm soybeans without harming corn, and rotation can reduce the occurrence of insect pests.
2.2 Reasonable close planting
Reasonable close planting is a reasonable planting density or suitable density, suitable planting density, can coordinate the relationship between the number of panicles per unit area, the number of panicles and the number of 100-grain weight, so that the product of the three yield components reaches the maximum value, and the determination of reasonable close planting Reasonable density is determined due to variety characteristics, soil fertility, temperature, moisture, and the like.
2.3 autumn plowing to reduce the initial bacterial infection source
Through the autumn turn to increase the soil loose ventilation ability, is conducive to the root system. Soil physical and chemical properties are not good, poor ventilation, corn's ability to absorb nutrients will decline, corn growth is not strong, it is easy to cause premature aging of corn, well-ventilated soil can improve the fertilizer efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer, deep tillage before planting, pay attention to drainage during the rainy season, ensure root system The need for oxygen reduces the incidence of premature aging.
2.4 Select strong resistance varieties
Choosing a variety of stress resistance is one of the most effective methods to prevent premature aging, because various spot diseases are one of the main causes of premature aging of corn, and selecting varieties with strong disease resistance reduces disease occurrence, thereby reducing the incidence of premature aging. .
2.5 Use reasonable planting form to ensure sufficient nutrient area per plant
In general, varieties with long growth periods, tall and luxuriant leaves of plants, and poor quality of stems and underdeveloped roots should not be densely planted. On the contrary, the types of varieties with short growth period, clear plants and convergent plant type are suitable for dense planting. In addition, the planting density is also different due to different soil fertility and fertilization levels. That is, the high fertility should be dense, and the suitable density range is relatively wide, the low fertility should be thin, and the suitable density is narrow. Practice has proved that the same species in the same planting area, due to different fertility, the maximum suitable density can reach about 25%. For example, under high fertility conditions, the rare plant species have a suitable density of 45,000 seedlings per hectare. Under low fertility conditions, the density per hectare should be between 35,000 and 40,000. At present, the large ridges and double rows, leisure and no-tillage, and protected land cultivation are all good planting methods, which can enhance the advantages of sidewalks, enhance the ventilation and light transmission in the field, and make full use of light energy to make the corn grow sufficiently in the late stage of growth. Adequate nutrition, able to live stalks mature.
2.6 Fertilizer Diligence
When formulating fertilization techniques, factors such as corn fertility characteristics, soil quality, climate, soil fertility, and fertilizer types should be considered. Because of the different conditions in each producing area, it is necessary to adapt to local conditions. The bottoming fertilizer can improve the soil structure, mature the cultivated layer soil, increase the nutrient layer nutrient, improve the fertility and increase the yield. The bottom fertilizer is best applied with the combination of farmyard manure and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. In the seedling stage, more plant ash or potassium sulphate fertilizer can prevent premature aging. For different plots, apply granular fertilizer as appropriate, and use quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer. Pay attention to timely management after root fertilization to prevent root and leaf premature senescence. If the use of one-time fertilization must be applied in depth, with a certain amount of mouth fertilizer when planting, deep application of base fertilizer is conducive to the nutritional needs of the middle and rear corn, can make the corn root system developed, fully absorb nutrients and water, and not de-fertilize the corn later. Ensure adequate nutrient supply.
2.7 Foliar Spraying
If there is a trend of premature aging or leaf yellowing, foliar spray fertilizer can be used for rapid replenishment. Spraying urea solution with potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution at the early flowering stage can significantly extend the functional period of the leaf so that the maturity period is not as advanced as possible.
2.8 Strengthen field management, timely drainage after rain, prevent the accumulation of water in the field, affect
Roots and respiration cause premature senescence or lodging of plants, maintain proper water content during milk ripening, and significantly increase yield, which can improve ventilation and light transmission conditions of corn population.
2.9 Timely prevention and control of various pests and diseases
Corn borer is one of the causes of premature aging of corn, because corn cocoons and corn are generally drilled into corn stalks to harm corn, causing premature senescence due to corn breakage caused by strong wind or heavy rain, using agricultural control, physical control, biological control , chemical control, etc., especially in recent years, the national promotion of biological anti-mite technology to effectively control and reduce the damage of corn borer, effective prevention and control of corn borer can reduce premature aging. In addition, corn spot disease, small spot disease, brown spot disease, sheath blight, stem-based rot, root rot, etc. are one of the main causes of premature aging of corn. It is effective to take timely and effective measures to prevent corn disease. Measures to control premature aging.
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