AM technology is an innovative technology based on the Japanese EM technology by experts of China Agricultural University. It is more suitable for the current agricultural environment in China. The Xianyang Sericulture Station in Shaanxi Province has standardized the application of AM technology in the pollution-free production of tomato, cucumber and celery, and has achieved very good results.
Seed processing
That is, using AM secondary fermentation broth to sow germination. Tomato, cucumber per 100 grams seeds with AM secondary solution 20 ml water 60 ml soaking, the former immersed for more than 10 hours, the latter immersed for more than 20 hours, then washed with water 1 time, and then the normal heat preservation moistening and sowing Celery by diluent (AM secondary solution of 20 times liquid): seeds = 5:1 ratio soaked for 10 hours, remove and then normal heat preservation moistening germination and sowing.
Seedbed soil treatment
1 seedbed treatment. The seedbed selection, organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer types and dosages treated with AM were the same as those of ordinary seedbeds. Only the dilution of the AM secondary liquid was sprayed on the soil surface after fertilization. Tomatoes, cucumbers and celery are all diluted with AM secondary liquid by 100 times. After spraying the seedbed at 1.5-2 kg/m2, the soil is immediately ploughed and mulched, and the film is kept warm for 4-5 days. Species.
2 Preparation of nutritious soil. Tomatoes and cucumbers need to be prepared when growing seedlings. The AM nutritious soil is prepared on the basis of common nutrient-based soil materials and proportions. It is based on 1 cubic meter of common nutrient soil plus AM dilution (0.5 kg of AM secondary liquid + 75 kg of water). Spray mixing them. Mix well, stack it well, take a practical plastic film and seal it for 4-5 days. Seedling application.
After the second seedling, the tomato is covered with a 0.5-cm-thick nutrient soil in a timely manner, and then a second-time 300-fold solution of AM secondary liquid is sprayed on the wet ground to clean the fine surface of the foliage. Promote long-term, pest-prevention; 3-5 days after seedling, spraying once every 5-7 days foliar AM secondary liquid 100 times liquid. The cucumber was sprayed once every 5 days after the shoots were sprayed with 100 times of AM secondary liquid. The celery is sprayed with 200 times liquid of AM secondary liquid for 5-7 days after the seedling is flushed. Other management is the same as ordinary cultivation.
Planting application
Tomatoes, cucumbers and celery are 40 times liquid (usually per acre) after applying sufficient amount of organic fertilizer, ternary compound fertilizer and appropriate amount of micronutrient fertilizer to the field surface on the basis of fully satisfying the laws of fertilizer demand. 5 kg of secondary liquid) is best used to wet the ground (especially in the application of human feces and heavy earthworms that are not adequately decomposed, the amount of spray must be increased, and fine spray is applied). Immediately after the spraying, plowing, filming, or buckle boring for 4-5 days, and then do the planting.
When celery is planted, it is necessary to avoid damage and fibrous roots. Plant the seedlings by size and grade after planting. Before planting, use pot-seed AM secondary liquid 100 times liquid, and the liquid level in the basin is 10-15 cm high. Immerse roots of graded seedlings in pots. Replanted in minutes or more. After the colonization of tomatoes and cucumbers, we must pay attention to the special management of bad weather. For example, in the winter and early spring, cold currents, strong rain and snow, and even cloudy days, especially after the fierce sunshine, must be observed one after another, and the wilting plants should be sprayed with 100 times of AM secondary fluid. Liquid (diluted in warm water at 30°C), until the plants return to normal, then remove all grasshoppers. The application of growth period.
1 top-dressing - application of AM fermented humic acid organic fertilizer. Fermentation method: One barrel of humic acid-containing organic fertilizer (10 kg) + 0.5-1.0 kg of AM secondary liquid is mixed and sealed and fermented at 30°C for about 5 days. Tomato in the first, 2, 3 ear fruit expansion period per mu each with a barrel of broth fermentation irrigation; cucumber root irrigation before and after irrigation water irrigation a barrel of fermentation liquid. After every half a barrel of broth is used for broth fermentation; celery is irrigated with 0.5-1 barrels of fermentation broth at about 15 days after colonization, and then every 20-25 days thereafter.
2 Leaf spray - AM dilution and pest control fluid spray alternately. There are slight differences in the application of the three vegetable species. The tomato was sprayed once with 200 times solution of AM secondary solution before watering. After every 7-10 days, the tomato was sprayed with the same concentration of diluted solution. It was only after spraying the fruit in the first layer of fruit to control the disease. Alternating 100 times solution of the larvae; cucumber starts from the sapling stage and spray with AM secondary solution 100-200 times every 5-8 days, but only after spraying the root melon and AM pest control solution 200 - 300 times the liquid alternately; celery after the slow seedlings with AM secondary liquid 100-200 times and AM pest control liquid 100 times alternately spraying every 5-7 days.
After being applied in the five main production processes of three kinds of vegetables, AM technology can receive good effects of increasing fertilizer, promoting growth, and preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests, achieving the production goals of high quality, increased production, high efficiency and harmlessness of vegetable production.
Technical and economic evaluation
For more than three years, the results from our repeated experiments have shown that the use of AM technology has significant effects on the growth and development of vegetables.
1 Plant resistance was significantly enhanced. The first is the performance of cold resistance. After application of AM technology at the planting stage and seedling stage, tomato and cucumber have improved cold resistance in the winter; second, they show resistance to diseases and insect pests, and disease-free impregnation can be obtained after tomato, cucumber soaking and seedbed treatment. Strong seedlings. There was no occurrence of virus disease or angular spot disease in cucumbers sprayed in the whole growth period, but downy mildew and whitefly occurred (especially in field). After the application of tomato, the disease generally does not occur after the application (individual fields have late blight), but there is a whitefly occurrence, if the previous application has been applied AM no longer occurs whitefly. After celery application, seedlings and adults did not produce various diseases.
2 The appearance quality of the fruit is improved and the flavor is rich. After the application of AM technology, the tomato fruit type has positive and fresh color, thick skin, and no cracking fruit. Its taste is higher than that of the control, and has a unique rich aroma; the cucumber has a single fruit weight of 220-300 grams, and the melon is straight, uniform, and uniform in color. Fresh, tender and crisp, slightly sweet; celery leaves green, crisp, sweet and has its own aroma.
3 early fruit high yield. Tomato can be 4-6 days in the morning, can extend the harvest period 15-25 days, increase production by more than 15%; cucumber will extend the harvest period 7-10 days, an increase of about 33%; celery AM seed germination after the emergence of early emergence 5 -6 days, after the rooting, the seedlings grow slowly and prosperously. The birth process can be accelerated and the harvest can be increased by more than 18%.
4 The use of pesticides has been greatly reduced, and the income has steadily increased to meet the pollution-free requirements. From the author's survey results for more than three years, after the application of AM technology, plant protection input per mu decreased by 350-200 yuan compared with the control, a decrease of 5.8-3.3 times; net income increased by 1310-780 yuan, an increase of 63.3-33.2%.
Therefore, it is said that the application of AM technology is a high-tech, high-efficiency technology for vegetable production, and it is capable of achieving the five major production goals of “high-quality, high-yield, high-efficiency, ecological, and safe†for vegetables. This is precisely the basic reason why it was recognized by the China Green Food Development Center as the production of A-class green food production materials.
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