Scientists have discovered a new method: to make bacteria produce a component that promotes the conversion of carbon dioxide into methane gas. This method has made progress in energy use. The study was conducted in collaboration with the laboratories of Kent, Germany, Manchester and Durham. The results were published in the February 22 issue of Nature.
The large amount of CO2 on the earth is a major factor in global warming, and methane is an important bioenergy on Earth. Methanogens play an important role in the carbon cycle of the earth. They are end functional groups of anaerobic degradation of organic matter and can convert CO2 into methane. However, because methanogens are difficult to grow, their use in gas production is still limited. Therefore, how to effectively control this carbon cycle path for the benefit of mankind without destroying the environment is an important issue facing scientists.
This challenge inspired a scientific team led by Professor Martin Warren of the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Kent to study how these bacteria make a key molecule: Coenzyme F430. The last-step enzyme-catalyzed reaction of microbial synthesis of methane and the first-step enzyme reaction for the microbial oxidation of methane all rely on the inclusion of nickel-ion coenzyme F430. Any modified microorganism that efficiently generates or consumes methane must understand the mechanism by which the compound is synthesized. However, the mechanism by which bacteria currently produce F430 is not known.
Studies have shown that F430 (a catalyst used in the conversion process) is structurally very similar to the red pigment found in red blood cells (heme) and the presence of green pigments (chlorophyll) in plants, and the team also identified the biosynthesis process of F430. The key protein, CFBA-CFBE, shows the activity of this protein.
By understanding the biosynthetic processes that are a fundamental part of the methane conversion process, such as Coenzyme F430, scientists can design more efficient methane-producing bacteria.
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