Radish, because of its good nutrition, high yield, good management, easy cultivation, storage and transportation, low price, and medicinal value, it is widely welcomed, then when to grow radish?
When to grow radish, the specific situation is as follows:
First, radish variety type
According to the cultivation season, it can be divided into: autumn and winter radish, winter and spring radish, spring and summer radish, summer and autumn radish and season radish.
1, autumn and winter radish: the main cultivation type in the north. Liqiu is planted in the summer, harvested before and after winter, and the growth period is 70-120 days. Strong cold resistance and large fleshy roots.
2, winter and spring radish: mainly in the south of the Yangtze River basin and Sichuan and other areas where winter is not too cold. Sowing from late autumn to early winter, wintering in the open field, harvesting in February and March. Strong cold resistance, late twitching, not easy to hollow, is the main variety to solve the spring off season.
3, spring and summer radish: 3-4 months planting, harvest from May to June, the growth period of 45-70 days. Mostly medium-sized varieties, low yield, short supply period, easy to convulsion in advance, mainly to solve the low season of vegetables in May.
4, summer and autumn radish: sowing in summer, autumn harvest, growing season 50-90 days.
5, four seasons radish: small radish, short growing period of 30-40 days, northeastern spring common species. In addition to the cold and hot summer season, you can plant at any time.
Second, radish growth and development cycle
1. Germination period: sowing - the first true leaf is unfolded, about 5-7 days, requiring higher temperature and moist soil conditions.
2, seedling period: the first true leaf - broken belly, that is 5-9 leaves, about 15-20 days. As the fleshy roots continue to thicken, it indicates that lateral growth begins, at which time small water is poured.
3, rose seat period: from the broken belly - 'lipped shoulders', 20-30 days. At the end of the rosette period, the head of the fleshy root begins to expand and widen, and the water is properly supplied at this time.
4, fleshy roots rapid growth period: from 'outcrop' to harvest, the fastest growth of fleshy roots, about 30-40 days. At this point keep the soil moist and prevent hollowness.
In the process of growth, the temperature is low, below 6 °C, the radish can be vernalized, and it can be twitched under long-day conditions.
Third, radish requirements for environmental conditions
1. Temperature: It belongs to semi-hardy vegetables. Seeds begin to germinate at 2-3 °C, the optimum temperature for germination is 20-25 °C; the growth temperature of stems and leaves is 5-25 °C, the optimum temperature is 15-20 °C; the growth temperature of fleshy roots is 15-20 °C, the optimum temperature is 13 -18 ° C.
2, light: is a long-day sunshine vegetables, requires medium glare, lack of light, then small leaves, long petiole, leaf color, fleshy roots can not be fully hypertrophied.
3. Moisture: The soil moisture content in the germination period is 80%; the soil moisture content in the seedling stage is 60%; the rosette period, proper water control; after the 'shoulder', the soil is often kept moist. In addition, the soil suddenly wet and dry, easily lead to cracking.
4. Soil: It is better to choose sandy soil with deep soil, good drainage and loose and breathable. The pH is 5.8-6.8.
5. Fertility: There are more nitrogen fertilizers in the seedling stage and the rosette stage; the fleshy roots need more phosphorus and potassium, especially potassium fertilizer. Generally, for the production of 1000KG radish, it is necessary to absorb nitrogen 2.1-3.1KG, phosphorus 0.3-0.8KG, potassium 2.5-4.6KG, calcium 0.6-0.8KG, magnesium 0.1-0.2KG.
Fourth, radish autumn radish cultivation technology
1. Soil preparation: The former crops should be selected for fertilization and less absorption, such as beans. Deep ploughing, about 30CM deep, combined with land preparation, apply enough base fertilizer.
2, as a cockroach: large radish is mostly sorghum or high ridge; small and medium sized radish is mostly cultivated with low glutinous rice.
3, sowing: "Head radish, two-volt dish", planted about 10 days earlier than cabbage. On-demand or strip-on can be used. When ordering, dig 3CM deep holes on the raft, and 3-5 seeds per hole, with a seed amount of 4.5-7.5KG/HM. At the time of the seeding, a 3 cm deep ditch was opened on the raft, and the seed was sown in the ditch, and the seed amount was 7.5-10.5 KG/HM.
4, radish field management:
(1) and time seedlings: The seedlings can be divided into 3 times. For the first time, when the cotyledons are fully hypertrophy and the true leaves are at the top of the heart, 2-3 strains per hole are reserved on the spot, and 1 strain is left for each 3CM during the sowing; the second time is 2 - When 3 pieces of true leaves are selected, choose a good seedling that meets the characteristics of the variety. The third time in 4-5 true leaves, seedlings, leaving 1 plant per hole.
(2) Reasonable watering: Watering immediately after sowing, after most of the seedlings are unearthed, watering is repeated once. In the early stage of seedlings, small water is poured in order to avoid water shortage or virus disease. 'Break the belly' money small seedlings, in order to promote the development of root system, the appropriate amount of water for the growth of the leaves, the appropriate control of water in the later period, to prevent the length. The fleshy roots should be evenly watered to prevent cracking. 5-7 days before harvest, watering was stopped to improve meat quality and storage performance.
(3) Topdressing: In the base fertilizer, the amount of phosphate fertilizer is sufficient, and the topdressing fertilizer is mainly nitrogenous fertilizer, which is generally chased 3 times, respectively in the seedling stage, the pre-expansion period and the rapid expansion period. The second and third times can be combined with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. It is best to apply compound fertilizer 25-30KG/HM. If necessary, chase some potassium fertilizer later, preferably foliar spray.
(4) cultivating weeding and cultivating soil: After the general seedlings are out, we will carry out cultivating loose soil weeding every 10 days. After the last ridge closure, stop cultivating and hand weeding.
5, radish harvest: the fleshy roots are fully inflated, the base has been "rounded", the leaves turn light, and become yellow-green when harvested.
Fifth, radish FAQ production
1. ç³ å¿ƒ: The reason for the sorrow, (1) related to the variety, should choose the varieties that are not easy to worry; (2) too early sowing, late harvest; (3) lack or uneven water and fertilizer; (4) nitrogen fertilizer More; (5) dry during storage, higher temperature; (6) uncooked convulsions.
2. Fork root: (1) The seedling grows too much, the main root is bent, the lateral root is swollen; (2) the soil is sticky, the tillage layer is shallow and the debris is blocked, and the growth of the fleshy root is blocked; (3) the organic fertilizer is not decomposed, and the main tip of the seedling is Burns; (4) root damage during cultivating, or pests in the soil; (5) injury to the main root during transplanting.
3, cracked roots: generally in the soil water supply is uneven, harvested, or planted too early.
4. Spicy or bitter taste: In the case of heat, drought, insufficient fertilizer or water or pests, the fleshy roots cannot be fully inflated.
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