Supercapacitors are important energy storage devices, and their application is limited due to their low energy density. An effective strategy to increase the energy density of supercapacitors is to use organic electrolytes with a wide voltage window. However, conventional organic electrolytes have high costs, low electrical conductivity, and potential safety hazards. Relatively speaking, the aqueous electrolyte has the characteristics of safety, low cost and easy operation. However, the narrow voltage window of the aqueous electrolyte results in a low energy density of the aqueous supercapacitor.
Recently, researchers have developed a class of high concentration "water in salt" aqueous electrolytes with large stable voltage windows. However, this type of electrolyte has the problems of high viscosity, low conductivity, and is not suitable for low temperature, which greatly limits the performance of supercapacitors prepared using this type of electrolyte. In summary, designing a new electrolyte system and preparing a safe, wide voltage window, high conductivity, and wide application temperature range will certainly help improve the performance of supercapacitors.
Recently, Yan Xingbin, a researcher at the Clean Energy Chemistry and Materials Laboratory of the Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, has developed a method for preparing mixed electrolytes. By adding the co-solvent acetonitrile to the typical "water in salt" (WIS; 21 m LiTFSI / H2O) electrolyte, the "acetonitrile / water in salt" (AWIS) mixed electrolyte was prepared. Compared with WIS electrolyte, AWIS mixed electrolyte has low viscosity, high conductivity and wide application temperature range. At the same time, AWIS mixed electrolyte maintains the characteristics of wide voltage window, non-flammable and easy to operate. Using this AWIS mixed electrolyte, the researchers assembled a safe, wide-window, high-rate supercapacitor.
This work provides a strategy for preparing new electrolytes by mixing salts with water / organic solvents. The electrolytes prepared based on this strategy are expected to be used to construct high-performance energy storage devices, such as supercapacitors, metal-ion hybrid capacitors, and metal-ion batteries . The research work was recently published online in "Energy & Environmental Science" (Energy & Environmental Science, DOI: 10.1039 / C8EE01040D).
The above work has received funding and support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the “13th Five-Year Plan†key strategic cultivation project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Western Light of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Figure 1. Physical and chemical properties of AWIS electrolyte
Figure 2. Analysis of electrolyte structure
Figure 3. Supercapacitor electrochemical performance
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