Safety measures for restricted space operations in chemical equipment

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★ The person in charge of on-site safety of the grassroots units and construction units shall carry out the necessary safety education for the on-site guardians and operators. At least include relevant safety rules and regulations; possible hazards, hazards and safety measures to be taken; methods and precautions for the use of personal protective equipment; prevention and self-help knowledge of accidents; experience and lessons learned from related accidents.

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★ Develop safety emergency plans or safety measures, including the escape route and rescue method for the emergency situation of the operator, the contact signal between the guardian and the operator, and the life-saving facilities and fire-fighting equipment on the site. Field personnel should be familiar with the contingency plan content, and be equipped with a certain number of emergency protective equipment (including air breathing apparatus, air supply protective mask, lifeline, etc.) and fire extinguishing equipment in accordance with the regulations. There must be no obstacles inside and outside the entrance and exit to ensure that it is unimpeded, and it is convenient for personnel to enter and rescue and evacuate.

3★ When the condition of the confined space changes, the operator should immediately withdraw from the scene, and a warning sign should be set at the entrance. It is strictly forbidden to enter and take measures to prevent accidental entry. After processing, you need to re-apply for permission to enter. 4★ Before entering the restricted space, it is necessary to do a good job in the process of processing, purging, cooking, and disqualifying the confined space; adding blindness to all pipelines and valves connected to it and possibly with combustible, explosive and toxic materials. The board is isolated and the valve must not be replaced by a closed valve. The signboard should be hung at the blind plate.

5★ In order to ensure the air circulation and the breathing of people in confined space, natural ventilation can be adopted. If necessary, forced ventilation should be adopted. Before the pipeline is supplied with air, the wind source should be analyzed and confirmed. It is strictly forbidden to charge oxygen inward. Workers entering a confined space should not be too long for each working time and should rotate or rest. 6★ For equipment with rotating parts such as agitator, cut off the power after shutdown, remove the insurance or hang the grounding wire, and hang the warning sign “Someone is working, no closing” on the switch, and send special personnel to guard if necessary.

7★ Safety voltage and safety lights should be used when entering restricted spaces. Enter metal containers (furnace, tower, kettle, tank, etc.) and non-metallic containers that are particularly wet and have a narrow working environment. The lighting voltage is not more than 12V. When working in a humid environment, the operator should stand on the insulation board and ensure that the metal container is grounded reliably. When using power tools or lighting voltage greater than 12V, the leakage protector should be installed as required, and the junction box (board) must not be brought into the container. If the working environment originally contains explosive liquids, gases and other media, explosion-proof flashlights or explosion-proof safety lights with voltages up to 12V shall be used. The light transformers shall not be placed in containers or containers; operators shall wear anti-static clothing and use explosion-proof tools. Carry non-explosion-proof communication tools such as mobile phones and other non-explosion-proof equipment. 8

★ Within 30 minutes before the operation, the toxic and harmful, flammable gas and oxygen content of the confined space shall be analyzed according to the process conditions of the confined space equipment. After the analysis results are reported, the sample is retained for at least 4 hours. When the job interruption time exceeds 60 min, the analysis should be repeated. The analytical instrument shall be in the valid period of verification and shall be in normal working condition before use. Monitoring personnel should take effective personal protection measures when monitoring restricted space.

9★ Sampling analysis should be representative and comprehensive. When the volume of the confined space is large, the upper, middle and lower parts should be sampled and analyzed to ensure that the flammable gas concentration and oxygen content in any part of the confined space are qualified (when the flammable gas explosion lower limit is greater than 4%, the measured concentration is not More than 0.5% is qualified; when the lower explosion limit is less than 4%, the measured concentration is not more than 0.2% is qualified; the oxygen content is 19.5%~23.5% is qualified), the toxic and hazardous substances shall not exceed the national stipulated “the highest toxic substances in the workshop air” Allowable concentration" indicator; the temperature in the confined space should be around room temperature. If one of the monitoring results is unqualified, the operation should be stopped immediately. 10★ Operators should wear portable gas alarms when entering restricted spaces. They should be monitored regularly during operation, at least every 2 hours. If the monitoring and analysis results have obvious changes, the monitoring frequency should be increased. The restricted space that may release harmful substances should be continuously monitored. If the situation is abnormal, the operation should be stopped immediately, the personnel should be evacuated, and the site should be treated. After the analysis is qualified, the operation can be resumed.

11★ For equipment containers containing self-polymers, the process should be carried out before the operation, and the methods such as cooking, replacement, etc., and polymer heating should be tested. 12★ If you enter a restricted space, you must not use a hoist, crane, etc. to transport the workers; the tools and materials brought by the workers must be registered, and personnel and item tools unrelated to the operation are prohibited from entering the confined space.

13★ Under special circumstances, workers can wear wind-proof masks, air breathing apparatus, and if necessary, take a lifeline. When using a wind-supplied mask, special personnel must be arranged to monitor the air supply equipment. 14★ During the operation of confined space, it is strictly forbidden to carry out various test, pressure test or test related to the confined space at the same time.

15★ In case of emergency of suffocation and suffocation, rescue personnel must wear an isolated protective mask to enter a confined space. Unprotected rescue is strictly prohibited, and at least one person is responsible for liaison work outside the restricted area. 16★ During the work stoppage, a warning sign should be placed at the entrance. It is strictly forbidden to enter and take measures to prevent personnel from entering the factory. After the completion of the operation, the restricted space should be thoroughly inspected, and the number of people and tools should be counted. After confirmation, both the construction unit and the grassroots units will sign and accept, and the manhole will be closed immediately.

17★ All open manholes must be closed and hanged with a manhole sealer before and during non-operational period. It is strictly forbidden to enter the warning sign. 18

★ If abnormal changes occur during the operation, the operation should be stopped immediately. After the treatment and the safe working conditions are met, the operation permit must be re-applied before the operation can be continued.

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