Construction machinery failure prevention methods: Due to the material, technology, parts aging and human factors, construction machinery in the use of a variety of failures will inevitably occur. However, if we can correctly analyze various causes of failure, take effective and targeted preventive measures to minimize the damage speed of mechanical parts, it is possible to effectively prevent mechanical failure and prolong the service life of the machine. First, try to reduce the impact of harmful factors: (A) to reduce the impact of mechanical impurities Mechanical impurities generally refers to the dust, soil and other non-metallic materials and construction machinery in the course of their own produce some of the metal shavings, wear and tear products. These impurities, once inside the machine to reach the mechanical mating surface, the harm is great, not only the relative movement out of the block, accelerate the wear and tear parts, and will bruise the mating surface, the destruction of the lubricating film, so that parts temperature rise High, deterioration of oil. It has been determined that when the mechanical impurities in lubrication is increased to 0.15%, the wear rate of the first piston ring of the engine will be 2.5 times larger than the normal value. When the rolling shaft enters into the impurity particles, its life will be reduced by 80% -90%. Therefore, work in the harsh environment, the conditions of complex construction machinery sites, 1, to use high-quality, supporting parts and lubricants, grease, blocking the source of harmful impurities; 2, to do the job site machinery Protection work to ensure that the appropriate agencies to work properly to prevent all kinds of impurities into the machine. The failure of the machinery, as far as possible to repair the regular repair sites. On-site repair, but also to make protective measures to prevent on-site repair of parts replaced by dust and other impurities before entering the machinery of pollution. (B) reduce the impact of temperature In the work, the temperature of each component has its own normal range. Such as the general cooling water temperature of 80-90 ℃, hydraulic transmission hydraulic oil temperature is 30-60 ℃ lower than or within this range will accelerate the wear and tear parts, causing deterioration of lubricants, resulting in changes in material properties and so on. Tests showed that the main transmission gears and bearings of all kinds of construction machinery were operated in lubricating oil at -5 ℃ than lubricating oil at 3 ℃, and the wear increased by 10-12 times. But when the temperature is too high, it will speed up the deterioration of oil, such as the oil temperature exceeds 55-60 ℃, the oil temperature increased by 5 ℃, the oxidation rate of oil will be doubled. To this end, the construction machinery in use, 1, to prevent overloading at low temperatures, to ensure the normal operation of low speed preheating stage, so that machinery to reach the specified temperature before driving or working, not because there was no problem at that time ignored Its important role; 2, to prevent machinery running at high temperatures, mechanical operation should always check the value of a variety of thermometers, found the problem immediately shut down for inspection and found the fault ruled out in time. For reasons that can not be found for a while, we must not untangle the machinery and still bring the sick to work. In normal work, pay attention to check the cooling system working conditions. On the water-cooled machinery, daily work must be checked, add additional cooling water; air-cooled machinery, but also to regularly clean the dust on the air-cooled system to ensure smooth cooling air duct. (C), to reduce a variety of corrosion Metal surface and the surrounding medium chemical or electrochemical damage and destruction of the phenomenon known as corrosion. This corrosion will not only affect the normal operation of the mechanical surface equipment, but also corrosion to the mechanical parts inside. Such as rain, chemicals in the air through the mechanical parts of the external channels, cracks and other internal access to the machine, corrosion within the mechanical parts, accelerate mechanical wear and increase mechanical failure. Because of this corrosive effect is sometimes invisible, inadvertently, easy to ignore, so its more harmful. In use, management and operations personnel should take effective measures to reduce the impact of chemical corrosion on machinery according to the prevailing local weather conditions and air pollution. The emphasis should be on preventing the intrusion of chemical components into rainwater and air. Second, to ensure normal work load: Construction machinery working load size and nature of the process of mechanical loss has an important impact. In general, part wear increases proportionally with load. Wear is more exacerbated when the part is subjected to loads above the average design load. In addition, other conditions are the same, the steady load than the dynamic load less wear and tear, less failure, low life expectancy. Experiments show that the engine working under unstable load and working under steady load, its cylinder wear will increase 2 times. Engine operating under normal load, the failure rate is lower, and life expectancy. On the contrary, overload engine, the failure rate increased significantly, life expectancy will be less than the design indicators. Often in a wide range of load changes in the mechanical wear greater than the continuous work of stable machinery. Under normal circumstances, the generator used in engines than bulldozers, excavators and other engines to use longer life. Guarantee the normal work load depends mainly on the operator's use of construction machinery. 1, be careful not to exceed the mechanical maximum load can withstand the work, to the extent possible, the use of machinery. As a construction machinery manager, when specifying the operator, it is necessary to hand over random materials and operation manuals of the construction machinery to the operator, so as to be able to master the mechanical performance and operating procedures normally, instead of deducting the relevant information at random. 2, to try to ensure the uniform addition and subtraction of mechanical load, so that the machinery is in a more gentle load changes, specifically, is to more evenly add and subtract the throttle, to prevent the engine, work equipment ups and downs. Third, to ensure the rational lubrication of machinery: parts face of the sabotage, parts of the surface corrosion and aging of the material under normal conditions of use of mechanical parts under the three main forms of change, and the wear and tear caused by the work surface Failure accounted for the largest proportion. That is to say, mechanical wear and tear is one of the main reasons that the various components and parts thereof are going to the limit state of technology. Well, to solve the problem of wear and tear of mechanical parts. In addition to adopting excellent materials, selecting advanced manufacturing processes and designing reasonable mechanical structures, an important task to be done in the course of using is to ensure that the machinery is properly lubricated. According to statistics, more than half of construction machinery failures are caused by poor lubrication. As the construction machinery parts with the precision, good lubrication can make it to maintain the normal working space and the appropriate operating temperature, thereby reducing the degree of wear and tear parts to reduce mechanical failure. Normal and reasonable lubrication is one of the effective measures to reduce mechanical failure. To this end, 1, it is necessary to rational use of lubricants, according to the type of machinery and application of the different structure selection of normal lubricant categories, according to the mechanical requirements of the appropriate selection of quality and other groups, according to the mechanical requirements of the appropriate selection of quality level, According to the mechanical working environment and different seasons to choose the right lubricant grades. In use, neither low-grade lubricants nor other types of lubricants should be used instead of inferior products. 2, is to regularly check the quantity and quality of lubricants. Inadequate quantity to be replenished in time, poor quality to be replaced promptly. Emergency conditions using different types and grades of lubricant substitute, after the lubrication system must be cleaned and promptly replaced the normal lubricant. Fourth, timely maintenance: machinery is bound to appear in the course of a variety of faults. Among these faults, the impact of some faults on the mechanical equipment may be very small, some of which may be serious, and even cause a big accident of machine crash. Experience has shown that serious mechanical failures are often caused by minor malfunctions. The reason is that it ignores the timely disposal of glitches. Therefore, mechanical failure, regardless of size should be promptly excluded, so as to maintain the normal mechanical performance, reduce the possibility of causing greater failure. In a sense, the timely failure to deal with is to reduce and prevent failure is an effective measure. The so-called timely processing 1, is in accordance with the maintenance schedule, regular mechanical maintenance and repair, maintenance and repair of various groups must be carried out as required. The existing specifications of various maintenance and repair are the summaries of many years of practical experience, which are scientific and reasonable. In the absence of any major technological advancement and innovation, these rules are absolutely necessary to guide the maintenance and repair of construction machinery Sexuality must be followed. 2, It is necessary to strengthen regular and irregular inspections of construction machinery during use, keep abreast of the operation of machinery, and deal with the temporary failures in a timely manner. Do not delay the maintenance due to small faults and no influence on the use of machinery. Lead to greater failure. V. Correct Technical Measures and Organizational Measures: With the development of material science and design and manufacturing technology, many new technologies, new materials and new structures have been adopted in construction machinery, requiring more scientific and technical maintenance and management of machinery perfect. To this end as a construction machinery management and operation of personnel, 1, should pay attention to ensure that machinery in the transport and storage of machinery to prevent damage, deformation, corrosion and so on.
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