Watermelon is a high-yield economic crop, and it is a crop that is warm, drought-tolerant and requires more water. It has a fast growth rate, high yield, crisp and tender fruit, sweet and juicy, rich in vitamins and various minerals. It is an important summer fruit for people in summer and is widely cultivated in north and south of China. How to obtain high yield and quality of watermelon is the key to scientific fertilization.
First, the rule of fertilizer
The watermelon has a long growing period and requires a large amount of fertilizer. According to the test, for every 1000 kg of watermelon fruit produced, nitrogen is required to be 2.5-3.2 kg, phosphorus is 0.8-1.2 kg, and potassium is 2.9-3.6 kg. The ratio of the three elements is about 3:1:3.5-4.
Watermelon has experienced germination, seedling, vine, flowering and melon stages throughout its life. The demand for nutrients varies from period to period. Generally, the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in seedling stage only accounts for 0.6% of the total absorption; the extension period accounts for 14.6% of the total absorption; the melon period accounts for 84.8%.
Second, fertilization technology
Fertilization in melon fields should be "foot, fine, and clever", that is, the base fertilizer should be sufficient, and the topdressing should be skillful.
Base fertilizer: Base fertilizer is the basis of high yield and an important measure for disease prevention. It has a great influence on yield and disease resistance, and must be applied to base fertilizer. Generally, the cultivated high-quality organic fertilizer 3000-4000 kg, cake fertilizer 100 kg, urea 15-20 kg, superphosphate 35-50 kg, potassium sulfate 25-30 kg, or three-element compound fertilizer 50-60 kg, combined deep Apply it over. The specific amount of fertilizer applied can be determined according to local soil fertility and yield levels.
Top dressing: timely topdressing is a key measure to improve the yield, quality and size of watermelon.
Under the premise of applying the base fertilizer in the seedling stage, there is generally no need for top dressing. It is necessary to topdress, and 5-10 kg or 4-5 kg ​​of urea can be applied per mu, and the fertilization time should be controlled after the seedlings grow 2 true leaves. Do not apply too much fertilizer at the seedling stage, too close to the roots to prevent burnt roots.
During the vine season, the water requirement of the watermelon needs to be gradually increased. According to the growth trend, the topdressing is generally carried out. When the vine grows to 40-50 cm, the urea is applied with 15-20 kg of urea per acre, and the potassium sulfate is 10-15 kg or high. Nitrogen compound fertilizer 20-25 kg to promote the growth of melons. The use of nitrogen fertilizer is sufficient for the base fertilizer and the application of the seedling fertilizer.
During the melon period, when the young melon grows to the size of the egg and the hair is removed, 25-30 kg of compound fertilizer is applied per acre (in combination with watering), and the hole is applied or applied, and the soil is covered after application.
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