With the strengthening of global environmental awareness, people are paying more attention to energy-saving, environmentally-friendly and sustainable new materials. As an emerging material, graphene has the reputation of “king of new materialsâ€. Thin and hard graphene is the material of choice in many fields, and it has very good electrical properties and is a revolutionary material for the future innovation and development of the electronics industry. Silicon is the most widely used semiconductor material today. In addition to semiconductor properties that are not inferior to silicon, graphene has many other advantages that silicon does not have. Some experts predict that graphene is likely to be an excellent alternative to silicon. The choice depends on its industrial development.
Since the processing limit of silicon material is considered to be 10 nm line width, in other words, as the process is less than 10 nm, it is difficult to produce a stable silicon product. In order to achieve higher integration and performance, a new product must be adopted. Graphene is a new choice for processing semiconductor materials.
Graphene has broad application prospects in the semiconductor industry
The semiconductor industry is mainly composed of integrated circuits, optoelectronics, discrete devices and sensors. A new semiconductor material is subject to many laws in order to be recognized by the market. Photoelectric effect and Hall effect are the two most important laws. Scientists have observed the quantum Hall effect of graphene at room temperature. This material does not produce backscatter when it encounters impurities, which indicates that it has strong conductivity. Since graphene looks almost transparent, its optical properties are excellent, and its optical properties change with the thickness of graphene, which is suitable for application in the field of optoelectronics. Graphene materials may be used in the fields of displays, capacitors, photosensitive elements, transistors, sensors, etc. in the future.
First, flexible display
Flexible display is a very promising electronic device, characterized by super softness, ultra-thin, etc., and a key to restricting its development is materials. The characteristics of graphene materials have made people have a new prospect for flexible displays. Awareness. In recent years, the world has been actively exploring related technologies. It is reported that Korea has produced flexible transparent display screens composed of multi-layer graphene and glass fiber polyester sheet substrates. China's Austrian wing electronics uses graphene for display technology. A graphene electronic display screen was produced, which is resistant to falling, crashing, high light transmittance and very good display brightness. The transparency and flexibility of graphene are not limited in the future of the flexible display industry.
Second, the capacitor
Capacitors are one of the most common types of electronic components. They are widely used in various circuits. Their main functions are tuning, filtering, coupling, and blocking, and many electronic devices have capacitors. With the demand for charging rate and capacity, a new type of supercapacitor has emerged. It is understood that researchers have invented a capacitor with graphite as the electrode material, which consists of two layers of graphene. The graphene-based supercapacitor has excellent performance in charging and discharging, and is suitable for charging and discharging new energy vehicles.
Third, the photosensitive element
Photosensitive elements are widely used in digital cameras, and the optical properties of graphene make people look forward to the photosensitive elements of such materials. Graphene has unique optical properties that can be tuned to electricity. Under special illumination, graphene has a nonlinear nonlinear phase shift optical nonlinear Kerr effect. According to foreign media reports, researchers in Singapore have used graphene materials to make a special photosensitive element. This device is superb in sensitivity because the graphene sensor can detect a wide spectrum of light, in the case of low light, it The advantages are very obvious.
Fourth, the transistor
A transistor is a solid-state semiconductor device that has an irreplaceable role in rectification, amplification, regulation, and signal modulation. Graphene materials can also be used to make transistors. Compared with transistors made of silicon materials, the excellent stability of graphene makes it last longer and more widely used. It is understood that IBM has produced a graphene transistor in 2010, its characteristics far exceed that of similar silicon transistors, and the future prospect is very broad.
Five, sensor
Sensors are almost a "standard" product in the information age. Sensors made of graphene are very advantageous because their sensitivity can far exceed that of similar products. Graphene has a unique two-dimensional structure that makes it very sensitive to the surrounding environment. In medicine, the sensitization properties of graphene sensors enable the detection of many medical records due to its nano-features and photosensitivity, which many conventional sensors cannot.
Graphene wants to replace silicon to solve these big problems
1. Industry standard for graphene
As an emerging industry, new materials are developing rapidly every year, but the current major problem facing the entire industry is the lack of uniform industry standards. International standards are different from Chinese standards, which has led to the inability of many new technologies to achieve commonality and research, which has constrained the development of the entire industry. In the future, if China wants to develop relevant technologies, in addition to building a closed door, it needs to actively participate in the formulation of international standards, and integrate China's technological achievements with the international community to promote the establishment of global graphene industry standards.
2, graphene is expensive to manufacture
Graphene is composed of a single layer of carbon atoms. Ultra-perfect flexibility is an ideal material for many manufacturing industries. Today, the cost of making graphene materials is very high. At present, the industry uses CVD equipment to produce single-layer graphene. Due to the lack of perfect process technology, the yield of graphene products is very low. This problem has plagued the industry and remains to be solved.
3, the ecological properties of graphene materials to be improved
For the application of graphene, SMEs seem to be more active than the giants, and their use of graphene is the main body. Many large companies in China are still on the sidelines of graphene materials, which has led to slow development of the entire industry. According to relevant statistics, as of the end of 2018, nearly one thousand companies engaged in graphene materials research in China, nearly half of the enterprises were in a flat state, and fewer than ten listed companies.
Development status of graphene materials
In terms of the development status of the global graphene industry, the United States and Europe have mastered cutting-edge graphene technology, and their patents and technologies are even more powerful. China has been vigorously developing related technologies in recent years and has made great progress. Every year, graphene companies are increasing in China, and many companies have already achieved profitability. Several influential companies have emerged, such as the sixth element, two-dimensional carbon, Kaina shares, and Huagao. Their output value has already ranked among the best in the world.
The prospect of graphene materials is immeasurable. Although China's industrial chain is still immature, China has a very good application and graphene ore, which has laid a foundation for us to become a leader in the graphene industry. In the future, with the rise of related companies. China's graphene industry has a very promising future.
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