ã€China Aluminum Industry Network】 Executive Summary: Aluminium alloy structural extruded wood is an ideal green building material. The use of aluminum substitute wood and aluminum substitute steel are the future and development direction of green building materials. After briefly introducing the development status and trends of building structural materials, this article focuses on discussing and analyzing the characteristics and technical requirements of aluminum alloy structural materials for green buildings and the difficulties and significance of industrialization.
Keywords: green building, aluminum alloy structure, profile aluminum, wood, aluminum, steel, aluminum, steel, industrialization, mass production, application prospects, foreword 1. For a long time, the construction industry, especially the civil construction industry, has always been a leading pillar industry in many countries because of its The development of the national economy, the improvement of people’s living standards, and the progress of social civilization are closely related, and play a pivotal role in the sustained and rapid development of the national economy. In building materials, except for cement (sandstone, brick, etc.), mainly wood and steel. Forests are the main factor in maintaining the ecological balance of the earth. It is a well-known and undiscussed fact that it is not appropriate to cut down. It is the steel that is the main structural material. In today’s world, where energy conservation, environmental protection, and safety are important, there are also feelings that are overburdened and ineffective. Shows a gesture to exit the stage of history. The concept of "green building" contributes to this trend. The so-called "green building" is low-carbon, energy-saving, environmentally safe, renewable, renewable, and can be recycled construction or construction materials. The non-aluminum of green construction materials that can bear this heavy responsibility belongs to the category because, after comparative analysis, aluminum is more “green†among the main materials in the world today. Aluminum alloy has small density, high specific strength, corrosion resistance, surface treatment, good plasticity, can be processed into various special shapes and specifications of profiles, tubes, bars and plates, and forging materials, etc.; non-stick water, good Watertightness, airtightness and leak-proof performance; Recoverable rate is more than 90%, low regeneration energy consumption, low cost, can be recycled repeatedly, easy transport, convenient loading and unloading, low maintenance cost, etc. are ideal Lightweight materials, while lightweighting is an important way to achieve “green buildingâ€â€”low carbon, energy saving, environmental protection, and safety. Therefore, replacing aluminum with wood and aluminum substitute steel is becoming an important trend for “green buildingâ€.
In addition to the extensive use of aluminum doors and windows and replacement of wood, plastic and steel doors and windows for curtain walls, the replacement of wood, plastic and steel formwork and scaffolds with aluminum alloy formwork and scaffolding is also on the rise at home and abroad. Aluminum alloy structural materials are currently being used in the development and start-up phase to replace wood and steel structural materials. According to preliminary experimental studies and practices, aluminum structures have a series of unparalleled advantages over wood and steel structures. Is a truly "green building" material. Concretely speaking, the use of aluminum alloy as a building structural material has a low density (2.7), only about 1/3 of that of steel (7.8), a high specific strength (equivalent to a high-strength structural alloy steel), corrosion resistance, surface treatment, and durability (The anticorrosion workload in the construction life cycle is low, the cost is low, does not affect the normal production and operation, can be used for high humidity, acid rain, or coastal areas; wear resistance, fatigue resistance, can be used repeatedly; no water absorption, air tightness and Watertight effect is good; with good sound insulation, sound absorption and anti-leakage effect; modern space structure is strong: aluminum alloy has a light space structure, less infrastructure investment, easy loading and unloading and construction, especially for high-rise buildings and modern large-span and thin shell The design, manufacture, and construction of structural buildings have unique characteristics; plasticity is good, easy to form, can be processed into a variety of shapes, special large-scale hollow and solid profiles, tubes and rods, to meet the needs of various styles of building structures, so that building components The form of the aluminum alloy is more reasonable; the aluminum alloy structure is light in weight, and the large-scale heavy machinery configuration is not required on site, and the transportation and installation are extremely light, which can greatly shorten the construction. , improve owner’s economic efficiency; fully assembled construction, achieve the standards of modularization, construction industrialization, construction site without noise, no dust, no pollution to water and gas, is a typical green material, green construction; under the same span, Significant reduction in structural sections (about 1/8 section of the steel structure) can increase the area of ​​use of the buildings by 6% or so, reduce space waste by approximately 10%, save land and energy, and recover aluminum alloy materials with a recovery rate of over 90%. , And the recycling of energy and cost is very low, can be recycled, reuse again, is a typical environmentally friendly recycling material recycling. Therefore, more and more by the "green building" of all ages, with aluminum substitute wood, aluminum On behalf of plastic, aluminum substitute steel will become more and more obvious the "green building" industry's general trend.
2. Characteristics and Technical Requirements for Aluminum Structure Extrusion Materials for Green Buildings Building structural materials are different from building decoration materials and are the main bearing components of the entire building. Building decoration materials such as doors and windows, curtain walls, fences, ceilings, flanges, etc. Does not bear gravity, just beautiful and durable on the line. And the structural material is the entire
The pillars of the building. In the past, high-quality wood and steel were mainly used for building structural materials. In order to green the earth, forests should not be cut down. Therefore, there are fewer and fewer applications of wood structures. Today, low-carbon, energy-saving and environmental protection are advocated. Because of its heavy weight, lack of resources, and high energy consumption, it is not easy to recycle. Corrosion, pollution of the Ministry of Environment and other reasons, but also gradually felt powerless, it is difficult to bear the "green building" structural materials. Therefore, the ideal green building aluminum alloy structural material is slowly on the stage of the green building materials, with aluminum substitute wood and aluminum substitute steel becoming the main body of "green building" structural material. Aluminum alloy structural materials also have the characteristics of high prices, high processing technology content, difficulty in production, difficulty in reasonably matching various properties, and the need for research and industrial development.
The characteristics and technical requirements of green building aluminum alloy extrusion materials are briefly described as follows:
(1) Many types of products, a wide range of specifications, large size and cross-sectional area, complex shapes, large wall thickness differences, and large degree of difficulty, most of which are special shaped hollow sections, but also have solid sections with a large ratio of thickness to thickness. Large semi-hollow profiles and profiled tubes and bars. Table 1 shows the section information table of aluminum alloy structural extruded wood produced by a certain factory.
(2) In order to improve the overall strength and rigidity of the building, and to facilitate the modernization of large-span and thin-shell structure designs, the entire combined structural profile is used, that is, a large-scale integral structural section is composed of a plurality of small and medium-sized sections of different shapes. Some have a width of more than 600mm, a sectional area of ​​more than 400cm2, a wall thickness difference of more than 20mm, and a tongue ratio of more than 8, requiring the use of a large-sized extruder of 7000 tons or more. The special molds can be designed and manufactured to form the mold. Technical difficulties make it difficult to mass produce.
(3) The material requires high strength and rigidity and excellent overall performance. Therefore, it is necessary to select alloys and states of various properties, and some use medium-strong weldable, cold-formed, and corrosion-resistant 6xxx and 5xxx alloys (such as 6005T6, 6061T6, 6082T6, 5083H112, 5052H112, etc.), but the strength must be greater than 300MPa, so the alloy composition should be adjusted or developed a new alloy; the other part requires high strength, high toughness alloy (such as 2024T4, 7075T6, 5A06H112, etc.) and has weldability And cold forming properties, so it should also be optimized for alloy composition. In addition, in order to ensure the excellent comprehensive performance of structural materials, it is necessary to optimize the processes of casting, extruding, and heat treatment, and to design and manufacture tools and tools with special structures. The technical content is high, the production is difficult, and the yield and production efficiency are difficult to increase.
(4) For the convenience of transportation, construction, maintenance, loading and unloading, the product's dimensional tolerances and form-position tolerances are required to reach high-precision or ultra-high-precision levels. This places high demands on the quality of the mold and the precision quenching process.
(5) Industrial mass production is required. Therefore, high requirements are placed on equipment, ingot quality, mold technology and quality, extrusion and heat treatment processes, and in particular, higher requirements are imposed on the mold structure and service life, which are more general. The service life of the mould is increased by more than 2 times, which is difficult to achieve for large special profile moulds.
3. Extensive application of green building aluminum alloy structure extrusion material and the significance of industrial production (1) Aluminum alloy is the world's most ideal green building material, industrialization and wide application, to promote the development of green building industry It is of great significance to promote the process of urbanization and industrialization in China, and then promote the rapid and sustained development of the national economy and the progress of social civilization. At the same time, it will promote the development of aluminum alloy processing industry and technology to expand the application of aluminum alloy materials.
(2) The use of aluminum for wood in the building structure has made aluminum alloys a true "green building" material, because replacing wood with aluminum can greatly reduce the forests that cut down to protect the green earth and protect the earth's green and low carbon. Moreover, compared with wood structures, aluminum structures still have strength and rigidity, reduce structural sections, increase the use of buildings, save land and energy, and are water-resistant, waterproof, water-tight, and air-tight, preventing leakage of water, and corrosion resistance. Good performance, surface treatment, beautiful and durable; convenient for transportation, construction, maintenance and loading and unloading, low cost, especially suitable for high-rise and large-span thin-shell structure buildings; Recoverable rate is more than 90%, recycling cost and energy consumption are low, and wood The service life is short and can only be recycled as garbage. It can be seen that the aluminum alloy structural material is a real low-carbon, green, recyclable building material.
(3) In the building structure, aluminum alloy structure has obvious advantages compared with steel structure in large-scale public buildings such as modern high-rise civil buildings and large-span and thin-shell structures.
Low density. The density of aluminum alloy is only 1/3 of the steel density, and its specific strength and specific rigidity are higher than steel. It is a typical ideal lightweight material. For high-rise and long-span and thin-shell structures, the weight of the aluminum alloy space structure is much lighter than that of the steel structure. Therefore, the infrastructure investment is much less.
High strength, generally medium-strong aluminum alloy material can reach more than 300MPa b, equivalent to Q235 steel, 7075T6 ultra-high strength aluminum alloy b up to 700MPa or so, can be compared with high-strength alloy steel, more than high-strength steel Q345, and the density of aluminum alloy Small, lightweight aluminum alloy space structure. Therefore, the specific weight structure has a high specific strength.
Can be made into a variety of shapes and specifications of precision structural components. Compared with steel, aluminum alloy has good plasticity and formability, and can be processed into a variety of specifications and shapes in a variety of pressure processing methods (extrusion, rolling, forging and stamping, etc.) in large quantities under cold and hot conditions. Precision hollow and solid constant-section, variable-section profiles, pipes, bars, plates, forgings, forgings and punchings, etc., and can make the cross-section of the components more reasonable. It does not require precision machining to meet the requirements of any building structure. This is not possible with hot rolling, cold rolling, extrusion or welding of steel.
On-site transportation and easy installation. Due to the light weight of the aluminum alloy structure, large heavy mechanical devices are not required on the site, and the transportation and installation are extremely light, so the on-site construction period can be greatly shortened and the cost can be greatly reduced.
Anti-corrosion, surface treatment, beautiful and durable. Compared with the steel structure, one of the main advantages of the aluminum alloy structure is corrosion resistance, durability, less anticorrosive work in the construction life, low protection and maintenance costs, and will not affect the normal production and operation and use due to anti-corrosive maintenance. Aluminum alloy structures Green buildings are widely used in areas with high humidity, acid rain, poor climate change, or coastal areas.
Non-stick water, watertight, waterproof, prevent leakage of water. Because the aluminum alloy construction system aluminum alloy structure is integrated with the aluminum alloy roofing material integrated extrusion molding, the connection form can be perfectly combined with the roof material, so that zero leakage waterproof, and aluminum processing material is not sticky, afraid of water leakage And corrosion.
Recyclable recycling is a true green material. Aluminum alloys have very low recovery costs, and their energy consumption is only 5% of that of electrolytic aluminum. The recycling rate can be reused again, the recovery rate can reach more than 90% (more than 5 times of the steel recycling rate), and the difference between the basic and aluminum ingot price is not obvious. It is a typical green environmental protection material.
Green processing can be achieved. The use of aluminum alloy structure can achieve full-assembly construction and achieve the standards of modular building and industrialization of buildings. The construction site has no noise, no dust, and no pollution to water and gas. It is a typical green material and green construction.
Save on land, energy and construction costs. In the case of the same span, the structural section is greatly reduced (approximately 1/8 section of the steel structure), which can increase the area of ​​use of the building by about 6%, reduce the space waste by about 10%, and save land and energy. At the same time, substantial savings in construction costs.
It can be seen that replacing the steel structure with aluminum alloy structure can make the greening and environmental protection of construction projects and construction, which can greatly save the use of resources, energy and construction and maintenance costs, and has significant economic and social benefits. Accelerate the process of industrialization in China's urbanization, ensure the high-speed sustainable development of the national economy and improve the quality of China's economic growth and the development of social civilization. At the same time, it can expand the use of aluminum and market share, and promote the development of aluminum processing (especially extrusion processing) and technological progress.
4. Application of Green Building Aluminum Structure Extrusion Material and Typical Engineering Example Aluminum alloy, as a construction material, has a series of irreplaceable advantages of other building materials. Aluminum alloy is structurally stable and can be patented with unique geodesic structure. It has high stability, compact structure, large net span, and a large span of up to 300 meters. The structural strength can adapt to various unbalanced wind loads, snow loads and other harsh environmental conditions. .
Aluminum alloy structure has high cost performance, corrosion resistance, no regular maintenance and anti-corrosion treatment, longer sealing technology and unique design to ensure no water leakage, good sound insulation and sound-absorbing effects, single node can withstand at least 50kg hanging weight, larger internal Since it has a capacity of more than 200 tons, it can be directly lifted for lighting and sound without additional equipment.
In addition, it is also widely used in the construction of multi-purpose stadiums, skating rinks, various commercial facilities, and various other large-scale civilian public buildings. The aluminum alloy structure can play an unparalleled advantage in the construction of swimming pools and skating rinks. Unlike other gymnasium fields, water vapor evaporates in swimming pools. In particular, the disinfection components in the pool water will corrode other metal materials in the museum. If the swimming pool uses steel structures, it will definitely affect the stability of the entire stadium. . On the contrary, the aluminum alloy structure is corrosion resistant, can resist the erosion of water vapor, protect the structure of the stadium from loss, and is beautiful and durable.
The space structure of aluminum alloy is strong in modernity, convenient for construction, and has a broad application prospect in large-span landmark buildings such as sports, performing arts, and environmental protection. Aluminum alloy is a new type of metal material that is being promoted as a lightweight alloy material and structural component. Lightweight aluminum alloy material can replace traditional steel, wood and other building materials. It is in line with the requirements of “energy saving and environmental protection building materials†and is the future of green building. Direction of development.
Al-alloy structural extrusion materials have been widely used in aerospace, transportation, automotive, power and energy, electronics, electrical and mechanical manufacturing. However, the promotion and application of construction engineering is only a matter of recent decades. As a structural material for construction and bridges, aluminum alloys were first used in industrialized countries such as Italy, Spain, Germany, France, and the United States, and later in Japan and Canada. Britain and other popular. At present, all major industrial countries in the world use aluminum substitute wood and aluminum substitute steel, and aluminum alloy materials are widely used as templates for green buildings, scaffolds and other building construction machine materials and engineering structural materials. China has a late start due to its poor foundation and relatively weak economic strength (the cost of aluminum is much higher than that of steel). However, in recent years, due to the strengthening of China’s economic strength, it has become a big country in the aluminum industry, plus it is in the process of industrialization and urbanization. The construction boom and the popularization of the green concept have greatly promoted the development of aluminum construction on behalf of aluminum in the green building project in China. At present, aluminum building materials of green buildings have been widely used in important buildings in many large cities in China.
Shanghai General Metal Structure Engineering Co., Ltd. and Shanghai Tongzheng Aluminum Engineering Metal Co., Ltd., on the basis of absorbing foreign technology, combined with the actual situation in China, transformed and developed the design, manufacture and construction of aluminum alloy long-span spatial structure building proprietary complete sets of technology This set of technology is a combination of light alloy features, using ultra-light high-strength aluminum alloy structure to replace the traditional steel structure. The design, manufacturing and construction know-how of aluminum alloy thin-shell structures reflect unique features in structural modeling and node design, manufacture, and construction, particularly in the complex space surfaces and long-span structures. The aluminum alloy thin shell structure design and construction technology involved in this technology is novel and advanced. The aluminum alloy thin shell structure construction is a new type of energy-saving and environment-friendly building with the irreplaceable advantages of other building materials, and the economic and social benefits are obvious. .
The company has successively used this material to complete the Aluminum Fence of the five modern events center of Chengdu, China, the swimming fencing hall, the stadium, the aluminum crust of the News Center, the aluminum gymnasium of the Wuhan Gymnasium General Gymnasium, and the exterior wall of the world dance tower of the Intangible Cultural Center. The design, processing and installation (EPC turnkey project) of a number of modern new-type structural building projects, such as the alloy decorative grid construction project, has met the design and specification requirements, and has not only achieved good economic and social benefits, but more importantly, Aluminum alloys including structural technology have been further improved and improved in engineering practice. See Figures 1-, 4.
Figure 1. Tower of the World Cultural Heritage Center
Figure 2. Wuhan Stadium
Figure 3. Shanghai World Expo Botanical Garden
Figure 4. China Modern Pentathlon Center Stadium
5. Summary 5.1 Compared with other building materials, 5.1 aluminum alloy extrusion material has a series of unparalleled excellent characteristics, is an ideal green building material, in line with the requirements of "energy saving, environmental protection building materials", is the future of green building The direction of development.
5.2 Green Buildings Extrusion materials of aluminum alloy structures have many varieties, complex shapes, a wide range of specifications, and high technical requirements. Production is difficult. It is required to optimize the composition of alloys, design and manufacture high-quality molds with various special structures, and optimize casting, extrusion, and heat treatment. Finishing can produce high-quality extruded structural materials in large quantities. Can promote the development of extrusion processing technology.
5.3 Green Buildings The industrialization, mass production and extensive application of aluminum alloy structural extrusion materials can promote the development of China's green construction industry, accelerate the development of our country's industrialization and urbanization, and raise its level to ensure the rapid and sustainable development of China's national economy. Can expand the application of aluminum, and promote the development of aluminum processing industry.
References 1. Liu Jingan, Xie Jianxin, Optimization Design of Extrusion Technology and Tooling for Large Aluminum Alloy Profiles [M], Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press, 2003.6
2. Liu Jingan, Xie Shuisheng, Application and Development of Aluminum Alloy Materials [M], Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press, 2011.5
3. Dong Chunming, Aluminum Building Future - Aluminum's Advantages in Green Building, China Aluminum Processing and Aluminum Market Bulletin, 2012N02P12
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