Discussion on Current Process of Dangerous Chemicals Disposal

With the continuous development of the market economy, a large number of new energy sources, new materials, new technologies, and new processes continue to emerge and are widely used in people's lives and work, especially in areas that are corrosive, toxic, inflammable, and explosive. More and more accidents involving chemical disasters pose great threats and serious dangers to the safety of people’s lives and properties and the development of human society.

In addition to guaranteeing the completion of the fire-fighting work prescribed in the Fire Protection Law, the public security fire-fighting force should also participate in the rescue work of other disasters or accidents. This is not only a special mission that the state has given to the public security firefighting team to carry out emergency rescue in a legal form, but also a brand-new topic for the rescue and rescue work of the fire brigade. This article only discusses some of its own superficial views on the primary issues facing the disposal of dangerous chemicals in the context of grassroots work.

First, the definition of hazardous chemicals leakage accident

Dangerous chemical accidents refer to all injuries (dangerous) injuries to personnel and the environment caused by chemical substances. However, from the perspective of emergency rescue of chemical accidents, it mainly refers to the sudden occurrence of certain accidental situations in the production and operation of units related to chemical dangerous goods; or human-caused destruction, resulting in the leakage of toxic and hazardous substances; or Accompanied by fires and explosions, a large number of secondary harmful gases cause serious environmental pollution in a relatively large area, causing serious accidents that cause serious damage to the life and property of the country and people.

II. Main problems that should be resolved in the disposal of hazardous chemicals

The arduousness, complexity, and danger of rescue and rescue of dangerous chemicals spills require that we must pay attention to the following issues in the process of accumulating the physicochemical properties of hazardous chemicals and other relevant knowledge and rescue operations in peacetime.

(1) Articles should be made on the characters "special" and "special"

Disposal of chemical accidents, except for provinces, cities, counties (districts) and even chemical enterprise units, should have a unified organization and command organization and clearly organize the responsibility of the command organization and other relevant departments, as a rescue team “surprise team” and “main force”. The fire-fighting force should also make a fuss over the characters "special" and "special" and form a dedicated team that undertakes urgent, difficult, dangerous, and heavy tasks - the special fire-fighting team. Generally, each large and medium city fire brigade should have 1 to 2 special service teams. Each of the other squadrons should have a special service class. The fire special service team should be made up of good political thinking, fine business skills, hard discipline, and physical fitness. Strong combat composition. Staffing should be implemented according to relevant regulations. At present, although social emergency rescue command centers have been set up in some places, special vehicles, staffing, equipment and equipment, training facilities, funding guarantees, and barracks have not been put in place as required. Therefore, in the "special" and "professional" characters and in the process of rescue and rescue, the role of "knife" played is not sufficient or obvious. It is not fully manifested and is not prominent. Sometimes even when fire officers and soldiers arrive at the scene, they will suffer from lack of advanced equipment. The disaster sighed and sighed.

(II) Local governments should increase investment in accident rescue of hazardous chemicals and implement special equipment

Chapter 3 of Chapter 1 of the Fire Protection Law stipulates: “The fire protection work shall be led by the State Council and shall be under the responsibility of the local people’s governments at all levels. People's governments at all levels shall incorporate firefighting work into the national economic and social development plan, and ensure the protection of firefighting and economic construction. Social development is adaptable.” Although the country has legally defined the relative responsibilities of local governments at all levels, there are no clear quantitative standards. Some local governments tend to pay attention verbally, and they have the paralysis of risk aversion and risk appetite. The actual operation did not really put the fire work in place. The necessary funds for updating and maintaining equipment and equipment are stretched.

As the saying goes: "If a worker wants to do something good, he must first sharpen his tools." "The clever daughter-in-law is difficult to do without rice." Without the necessary equipment and equipment, the courage to deal with chemical accidents alone will not only fail to succeed, but will also lead to serious consequences for the loss of soldiers. Governments at all levels shall equip special teams for firefighting forces with anti-drug emergency vehicles, equipped with special respirator air breathing apparatus (including spare cylinders), air pump, chemical protective clothing, heat-insulating clothing (for fire escape clothing), and poison gas reconnaissance analysis. The personnel's gas masks, stretchers, detoxification first aid drugs, equipment and other emergency rescue items.

In recent years, the increase in investment in special equipment by the national and local governments at all levels has resulted in a major change in the equipment of the fire brigade and a certain increase in combat effectiveness. However, from the perspective of the distribution of special equipment in the country, it is far from being able to Corresponding to urban development, China’s special equipment is currently concentrated in a few special service squadrons in a few large and medium-sized cities. The equipment is relatively centralized, and the equipment of other ordinary fire stations is far from standard equipment of the fire station equipment. Standards, serious shortage of equipment for chemical accident rescue. Although some special equipment, especially emergency equipment for chemical disaster accidents, have been successively deployed to grass-roots units, due to their high price and small quantity, the troops often regard these equipment as “baby”, and they often dare not and do not want to use special services in actual combat. Instead, use more conventional equipment and a few methods.

(3) The theoretical study of hazardous chemicals disposal should be strengthened to strengthen accident rescue training

In our country, the chemical accident rushed to start the rescue is slow, and our fire-fighting forces were also clearly responsible for this arduous and glorious task. According to the characteristics of our country's fire-fighting force, we must not only organize officers and soldiers to learn about chemical knowledge, but also study the classification of chemical dangerous goods. And physical and chemical characteristics; to understand and master the common chemical dangerous goods leakage and fire, explosion disposal methods, in particular, commanders at all levels should be more familiar with the procedures and methods of chemical accident rescue organization and command. In the usual work, the author found that the squadron officers and soldiers lack of chemical knowledge, some soldiers even have the most basic chemical knowledge is not enough, which requires the majority of engineering students to take full advantage of the primary school cadres to use their media expertise to play their professional advantages, and effectively for the squadron The officers and soldiers impart knowledge about dangerous chemicals, which not only lays a solid theoretical foundation for rescue and rescue, but also allows officers and soldiers to step back into society to upgrade their own employment skills.

While studying and researching, relevant training should be vigorously carried out. First, application training for emergency rescue equipment and equipment, such as training on wearing chemical protective clothing, detection and monitoring of poison detection equipment, use of training equipment, closing of valves, and plugging Training and training of tools, operation and training of emergency rescue equipment, etc. Secondly, adaptive training, such as wearing protective clothing, implementing detection and monitoring monitoring of toxic gases, closing of valve plugging operation training, training of rushing poisoning personnel, etc. Wait. When conditions permit, smoke can be cast and even under the premise of ensuring the safety of the trainees and the surrounding people, a certain amount and type of poisonous gas should be cast to carry out “real combat” simulation training. It is undoubtedly that the firefighters’ psychological quality and actual combat ability are improved. There are great benefits. Third, tactics and technical training. On the basis of adaptive training, increase the training difficulty, and carry out tactical and technical training such as wearing chemical protective clothing and insulating clothes (wearing air breathing apparatus) to close the valve, stop leaks, rescue personnel, extinguish fire, and protect the cooling; It is collaborative training. That is, it is reported to the local government for approval, and the chemical accident handling command organization has planned and prepared to carry out practical drills in which various rescue and relief forces participate. All the forces participating in the actual drills are divided according to their respective responsibilities, perform their respective duties, take responsibility for each other, practice coordination, practice cooperation, and practice organization and command to improve their ability to respond quickly and cooperate.

(IV) Should pay attention to investigations and studies to formulate feasible plans

All things "predetermined and not preemptively abolished." Only serious investigations and studies and preparation of preplans can lead to preparations for the effective disposal of chemical accidents. Based on in-depth and meticulous investigations and studies, the potential hazards of chemical accidents in chemical units in the region should be assessed. Usually, chemical dangerous goods reserves, toxicity levels, density of residents, occurrence frequency of chemical accidents over the years and the resulting Consequences and other indicators are divided into several levels, and they are graded according to grades, and their risk levels are rated by points to determine the key rescue targets. Then predict and analyze the extent and hazards of possible accidents of key targets and provide basis for formulating preplans. The chemical accident emergency rescue plan is an action guide for emergency rescue. The plan should include the organization and leadership of the rescue, the force composition and the division of responsibilities, the procedures and methods for the alarm and response of the accident, the contents, procedures and methods of the on-site rescue, and the procedures for the rescue command. Contents, methods and methods, on-site protection content (should include the supply of rescue equipment, tools, vehicle equipment, maintenance, replenishment, fuel supplements for vehicle equipment operations, professional maintenance, establishment of supply organizations, medical equipment, pharmaceuticals, medical staff Mobilization and emergency evacuation, protection of fire fighting water and disinfectant, supply of food and drink, provision of drinking places, etc.) and methods, signals, signs and regulations for the actions of professional teams, etc., and the contents of preparations for peacetime preparations , requirements, etc. If the plan is prepared, it shall organize the decentralization and comprehensive emergency rescue drills in due course. If the plan is inconsistent with the actual situation or the situation changes, it shall be revised in a timely manner. It is worth mentioning that there are tens of thousands of chemical dangerous goods. In addition, as far as a specific firefighting force is concerned, there are not many opportunities to participate in the disposal of chemical accidents. As a firefighter, it is also impossible to treat every kind of firefighter. The situation concerning chemical dangerous goods is recorded in the mind. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that a database of chemical hazardous materials and chemical accident disposal plans be established in the fire control and command center of the city. A computer shall be installed on the command vehicle at the scene, and software including information on chemical dangerous goods and chemical accident disposal methods shall be provided for site extraction and use.

(5) Publicity and education should be strengthened so that the group can prevent and treat diseases

To reduce or prevent the occurrence of chemical accidents, the hazards of chemical accidents should be minimized. Only propaganda and education activities that vigorously carry out public prevention and protection knowledge, especially leaders and employees with large potential risk of chemical accidents, and large and medium-sized cities In cities where the chemical industry is relatively concentrated, it is necessary to carefully popularize such common knowledge as prevention of chemical accidents, protection against chemical poison damage, and rescue of poisoning. The professional staff of the firefighting force or the professional technicians of the relevant units in the organization of chemical hygiene and epidemic prevention, civil air defense, and environmental protection monitoring may give lectures to employees and students, and may use evacuation and simple protective equipment to wear and use training. Can also use radio, movies, television, pictures, board newspapers and other forms of propaganda and education. To the surrounding masses of potential dangerous units that have chemical accidents, education should be conducted on the nature of toxicants that may be contaminated by leakage, so that the public can understand the nature of poisonous and harmful substances and methods of protection, and strive to improve the people's self-protection. Ability.

The site selection, design, construction and completion acceptance of chemical enterprise units must strictly comply with the relevant fire safety and chemical professional safety standards, technical standards and regulations. The units that manufacture, store, transport, and use chemical dangerous goods must improve and implement the legal responsibility of the legal representative of the company. The leaders at all levels shall be responsible step by step, and the employees shall be responsible for the safety of this position. Leaders strictly follow the rules and regulations, and employees consciously abide by the rules of operation and prevent them from happening. To effectively inspect, repair, and monitor the equipment, this is an orderly and proper disposal of the prevention program. Fire-fighting law enforcement agencies shall strictly supervise and inspect chemical units and supervise them to promptly eliminate hidden dangers. In the event of a chemical accident, the principle of "three no-misses" shall be followed, and the responsibilities of those responsible and leaders shall be carefully investigated. For typical cases, publicity and coverage can be publicized to alert the public and improve the protection and disposal of chemical accidents in society.

(six) should be scientific rescue, focus on improving the quality of rescue workers, prevent reckless

Rescue and rescue of chemical accidents is not the same as general emergency rescue and disaster relief, and it is very professional and technical. Emergency rescue command agencies and fire commanders at all levels should conduct serious research in peacetime, master the characteristics of chemical accidents and rescue operations, and actively explore scientific and effective technical means and methods of organization and command. When carrying out emergency rescue missions, we must respect the opinions of expert groups and technicians of the accident units, attach sufficient importance to the status of inspection reports, plan meticulously, organize closely, use troops for disasters, and maintain corresponding reserve teams to prevent “human tactics” from being used. . When encountering catastrophic problems or sudden changes in circumstances, it is necessary to calmly analyze, listen to the opinions of experts and relevant professional and technical personnel, and strictly prevent recklessness.

Combat power is manifested by the best combination of equipment and people. Only modern equipment and no modern talents can only give people an opportunity to watch and show off, but they cannot form a powerful fighting force. As far as China's current fire protection system is concerned, there is still a certain distance to become a knowledgeable, high-quality team of fire-fighting rescue (including chemical disaster rescue) teams that are in line with international standards. On the one hand, from the perspective of the ranks of cadres, the majority of cadres who have graduated from the junior college of fire schools are the main ones. The proportion of cadres graduating from undergraduates in formal universities is relatively small in the fire brigade, and they graduated from local universities to engage in fire-fighting command or related theories. The study of cadres is even more rare, many college student cadres after entering the military, because the professional can not be applied to the actual work, the work enthusiasm is not high, easy to produce do not want to do, do not want to dry and other emotions, so the cadre training system needs to be Further improve and develop. On the other hand, the fire brigade operates a military service system. The source of personnel is the same as that of the People's Liberation Army. The level of objects to be recruited is always determined by the level of high school and junior high school education. In recent years, the number of college students has gradually increased, but the overall proportion is still relatively small. Although the "Military Service Law" was revised, the troops increased a large number of non-commissioned officers, which eased the strain on the technical backbone. However, because of constraints and influences of various factors, a large number of technical backbones could not remain in the military as they wished. In essence, the current system cannot change the overall low cultural knowledge structure of the combat personnel of the fire-fighting force. This objectively restricts the development of fire-fighting rescue teams.

(7) Integrate resources, give play to their advantages, unify command, and coordinate closely

Dangerous chemical accident rescue work involves many government departments and units. Large chemical accidents require even the entire society to mobilize. Therefore, it is necessary to implement unified organization and command, and to cooperate closely. According to the experience of pilot projects in some cities in China, the chemical industry comparison Intensive cities, especially large and medium-sized ones, should be established by party committees and government leaders as general commanders, and be responsible for public security, fire control, garrison, chemical, health, environmental protection, civil affairs, post and telecommunications, transportation, meteorology, domestic trade, and propaganda departments. Comrades and related expert members of the chemical accident rescue headquarters. The general headquarters should regularly analyze and study the local chemical accident prevention work situation and problems, formulate procedures for emergency rescue and rescue, and clearly define unified command requirements.

In short, it is necessary to become a good grassroots commander to understand the knowledge of several common chemical and chemical hazards. In addition, we must proceed from the overall situation of emergency rescue and coordinate the relevant departments and relevant units to actively participate in the participation. According to their respective division of labor, the responsibilities of relevant departments should be clarified, and active actions should be taken to actively coordinate and cooperate so that the task of rescue of dangerous chemicals leaked can be successfully completed.